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Early American Colonies

Spanish colonial philosophy. Beginning in 1500, Spanish conquistadores battled with and conquered natives from South America to North America.1. Encomienda system put in place2. Caste system based on race3. Christianization (Catholicization)4. Exportation of resources (gold and silver). Caste S

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Early American Colonies

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    1. Early American Colonies New Mexico and Jamestown

    2. Spanish colonial philosophy Beginning in 1500, Spanish conquistadores battled with and conquered natives from South America to North America. 1. Encomienda system put in place 2. Caste system based on race 3. Christianization (Catholicization) 4. Exportation of resources (gold and silver)

    3. Caste System Caste system—casta—based on new concepts of race. Originally only Spaniards, Indians, Africans. Over time, hierarchy made up of peninsulares, criollos (creoles), mestizos, castizos, cholos (or coyotes), mulatos, indios, zambos (or lobos), and niegros. Also title of no te entiendo Pinturas de castas detailed over 100 castes

    8. New Mexico 1598, Juan de Ońate received a grant for lands north of Rio Grande; capital at San Gabriel. He and military force searched for gold and silver deposits. Promised Pueblo Indians that Spanish rule would bring peace, justice, prosperity, and protection. Conversion to Catholicism Natives revolted in 1680, led by Popé; 14 years to suppress.

    9. British colonial philosophy Sir Walter Raleigh and Roanoke colony (1590) Richard Hakluyt’s A Discourse Concerning Westerne Planting gave reasons to Elizabeth I 1. Base to attack the Spanish in New World 2. Find the fabled Northwest Passage 3. Extend the influence of Protestantism 4. Source of to sell English commodities (mercantilism) 5. Place to send the poor and unemployed

    10. Mercantilism What is this? Called for the state to regulate industry and commerce—unfree trade. Goal was to enrich the nation and gain favorable balance in trade. Colonies supplied raw materials, mother country made the products and resold to colonists for profit. State-controlled monopoly.

    11. Joint Stock Companies What is a joint stock company? Private corporations in which shareholders pooled their money and resources for investment purposes. Usually operated independently from the government. Could have private armies.

    12. Who was involved in joint stock companies? Merchants Mercenaries Settlers The poor, sometimes. Also the gentry. Why? High birthrate among upper classes in 1500s = surplus of young sons with no inheritance. [What’s primogeniture?]

    13. Virginia Company First successful joint stock company in America. Established Virginia colony in 1607 and Jamestown, the first permanent British settlement in America. Named after Elizabeth I, the “Virgin Queen.”

    15. Creation of Virginia Colony 1606, wealthy English merchants and aristocrats incorporated the Virginia Company by King James I. Indentured servitude. Jamestown founded 1607 in a swamp 40 miles inland. 104 men and boys made up settlers. Mostly gentry, servants, and artisans. Had little taste for manual labor or hard work.

    17. “Starving Time” Capt. John Smith emerged as a central figure. Winter, 1609-10. Bullied local natives. 500 settlers, 440 died. All poultry, livestock, horses, and a wife had been devoured.

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