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Unit 1 Part 2

Unit 1 Part 2. Native Texans. Chapter 3 Vocabulary. 1. confederacy - Caddo tribal groups 2. archaeologist - A person who studies remains of the past 3. forage - To wander in search of food 4. javelina - A small wild pig 5. Artifacts - Ancient tools, weapons, pottery

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Unit 1 Part 2

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  1. Unit 1 Part 2 Native Texans

  2. Chapter 3 Vocabulary 1. confederacy - Caddo tribal groups 2. archaeologist - A person who studies remains of the past 3. forage - To wander in search of food 4. javelina - A small wild pig 5. Artifacts - Ancient tools, weapons, pottery 6. culture - Way of life

  3. 7. anthropologist - A person who studies human cultures 8. nomad - A person who moves from place to place. 9. atlatl - A tool used to throw spears. 10. adobe - A brick made of mud and straw 11. Migrate - To move to a new homeland 12. shaman- An Indian doctor 13. matrilineal - Descents traced through the mother.

  4. The First Texans Arrive (pages 80–81) • People first came to the Western Hemisphere by • migrating from Asiaover a land bridge from Siberia • to Alaska about 35,000 years ago. B. These people followed herds of animals that they hunted. They were Nomadic C. They crossed the interior of North America and reached the Texas regions about 11,500 years ago. II. Artifacts Are Historical Clues (pages 81–82) A. Knowledge of ancient people comes from archaeologists who study artifacts.

  5. B. Rock paintings in caves and canyons in Southwest Texas provide clues about how ancient people lived and viewed themselves. C. Human bones, like those found near Midland and Leander, provide information about what ancient people looked like. III. Early People Hunt for Food (pages 82–83) A. Early people hunted large animals, such as mastodons, mammoths, and giant bison for food. B. The people lived in small groups and followed herds of migratory animals.

  6. C. The people had tools and developed a notched throwing stick, or atlatl, for hunting. D. The people developed a variety of tools such as axes, picks, drills, and choppers. E. The hunter-foragers stayed in one area longer than others hunters but did not settle permanently, always looking for food. IV. Hunters Become Farmers (page 83) A. While hunters and gatherers searched for food in Texas, people in central Mexico were growing their own food. Maize or Corn

  7. B. Around A.D. 100, several groups in Texas adopted this settled way of life. C. Farming changed the people’s way of life because a dependable source of food meant that they could settle in one place. D. Living in one place led to more complex societies that included craft workers, warriors, and political and religious leaders. V. Different Cultures Emerge (page 83) A. Culture includes language, customs, clothing, shelter, ways of working and playing, and beliefs. Anthropologist is a scientist that studies ancient culture

  8. B. By around the year 1500, when Europeans arrived, many different Native American people lived in North America. C. People living in Texas belonged to one of four cultures—Southeastern, Puebloan, Gulf, and Plains. D. The Gulf people were nomads who hunted and foraged.

  9. 1. person who studies the origin, movement, • and way of life of people • 2.person who studies material remains, or • artifacts, of past civilizations • 3. notched throwing stick • 4. way of life that includes people’s • language, customs, and beliefs • 5. people who do not settle in one place • but hunt and forage • Nomads B anthropologist C. atlatl D. culture E. archaeologist • 6. Farming was important to the development of Native American • cultures because it allowed people to • A. Fight better. C. have a dependable food source. • B. build long houses. D. develop flint-tipped spears. • 7. Hunter-forager peoples lived during the • A. Paleolithic Age. C. Ice Age. • B. Late Iron Age. D. Archaic Age. • 8. Which of the following was not one of the four Native American • cultures in Texas when Europeans arrived? • A. Southeastern C. Pueblo • B. Central Woodlands D. Plains

  10. 9. Scientists believe that people migrated into the Western Hemisphere as early as A. 350 years ago. C. 35,000 years ago. B. 3,500 years ago. D. 350,000 years ago. 10. The shallow body of water separating Alaska and Siberia is the A. Bering Strait. C. Siberian Strait. B. Alaskan Strait. D. Arctic Strait.

  11. Lesson 3-2 Early People (pages 85–86) A. Most Native Americans in Texas lived in small groups, were led by men, and believed that spirits caused rain, fire, and the change of seasons. They had different languages. B. The early cultures also believed that animals, plants, and humans once understood each other’s languages. C. Some of them were peaceful, and some were warriors; some lived in communities, and others were nomads. D. All Native Americans groups respected the land and it’s resources.

  12. II. Southeastern Farmers and Gatherers (page 86) A. Some of the Native Americans of the Southeastern culture were farmers, others were mainly coastal fishers, and still others gathered their food. B. During the 1600s new Native American groups joined these three groups in southeastern Texas and began raising crops and building permanent settlements. III. The Caddos (page 87) A. Two large groups, or confederacies, of Caddo people, the Kadohadacho and Hasinai, lived in present-day Texas.

  13. B. The Caddos often warred with other Native American nations, sometimes with other members of the confederacies, and sometimes with European settlers. C. Caddos had a peace chief and a war chief D. Smallpox eventually reduced their numbers to a few hundred, and in 1859 they were forced to move to present-day Oklahoma. IV. The Search for Food (page 87) A. Native Americans, such as the Coahuiltecans and the Karankawas, led a nomadic life along the Gulf of Mexico because marshy lands did not support agriculture.

  14. B. They ate small game and gathered nuts, cacti, and other plants. V. The Coahuiltecans (pages 87–88) A. The Coahuiltecans moved from campsite to campsite in the dry, brushy land of the South Texas Plain. B. They hunted javelina, deer, and bison with bows and arrows, and they gathered dried plants and ground them into flour. C. They had Shaman who led religious ceremonies and healed the sick

  15. D. By the time Texas became a state, most of the Coahuiltecans had disappeared from the Gulf region. VI. The Karankawas (page 88) A. The Karankawas lived along the Gulf Coast and on islands between Galveston and Corpus Christi Bays. B. In the 1820s, when North American settlers moved into the area, fighting with settlers erupted. C. The Karankawas captured alligators, turtles and fished from dugout canoes

  16. VII. Other Southeastern Cultures (page 88) A. After Europeans explored Texas in the early 1500s, Native American people from other regions arrived just west of Caddo country. B. They moved to escape warring neighbors or to find a better place to live. VIII. The Wichitas (pages 88–89) A. Wichitas moved from present-day Kansas to lands along the Trinity, Red, and Brazos Rivers. B. Women held leadership positions and shared work with the men.

  17. C. The Wichitas traded with the French but often fought Spanish settlers, who tried to bring them into Spanish settlements. IX. More Native American Groups Arrive (page 89) A. The Atakapans lived along the coast between Galveston Bay and the Sabine River. B. In about 1820 Cherokees moved to Texas from the Allegheny Mountains in the eastern United States. C. Between 1795 and 1816, the Alabama and the Coushatta nations moved from east of the Mississippi River to settle a village by the Trinity River.

  18. 1. the most numerous and productive of all A. Atakapans Native Texas groups 2. seldom strayed from the South Texas B. Wichitas Plain 3. lived near forests in spring and summer, C. Coahuiltecans and moved to the sea in fall and winter 4. moved from Kansas into lands along the D. Karankawas Trinity, Red, and Brazos Rivers 5. lived on the coast between Galveston E. Caddos Bay and the Sabine River 6. Among the Caddos, one leader handled religious affairs while another leader oversaw A. matters of war and peace. C. hunting rituals. B. trade. D. planting and harvesting. 7. In the Coahuiltecan society, shamans led religious ceremonies and A. planted crops. C. cared for the sick. B. were elderly women. D. made political decisions. 8. The most treasured possessions of the Karankawas were their A. pottery jars. C. woven baskets. B. dugout canoes. D. turtle shells. 9. A group or association of groups is called a A. clan. C. matrilineal. B. confederacy. D. javelina.

  19. Lesson 3-3 Pueblo and Plains Cultures I. The Jumanos and the Tiguas (pages 90–91) A. The Jumanos traded agricultural products, such as corn, for animal skins and meat, in addition to paint pigments, turquoise, and bows and arrows. B. The tattooed stripes on the Jumanos’ faces clearly identified them as peaceful traders. C. Other Jumanos were farmers and lived a more settled life along the Rio Grande from today’s El Paso to the Big Bend National Park. D. Jumano houses were large adobe structures with flat roofs. It needed few repairs due to the dry climate.

  20. E. The Tiguas were a Puebloan people who moved to Ysleta, near present-day El Paso, in about 1680. F. Texas recently recognized the Tigua people as Texas Native Americans and established a reservation for them. II. The Plains Culture (page 92) A. Spaniards reintroduced horses to the Americas, changing the way of life on the plains. B. Soon after the late 1600s, most people of the plains culture had horses, an advantage that helped make them outstanding hunters as well as dangerous warriors.

  21. C. By the late 1800s, white hunters has slaughtered millions of buffalo, ending the traditional way of life for plains people, who depended on buffalo for food. III. The Tonkawas (page 92) A. Most Tonkawas lived along the southeastern edge of the Edwards Plateau, near present-day Austin. B. Although the Tonkawas depended on buffalo for food and shelter, few herds roamed through their Edwards Plateau hunting grounds. C. The Tonkawas, who were in conflict for food with other native peoples, were forced to seek different food, such as deer, rabbits, and other game.

  22. IV. The Apaches (page 93) A. Ancestors of the Apaches may have migrated from northwestern Canada and Alaska along the Rocky Mountains, and by 1700 several groups had entered Texas. B. The Mescalero Apaches made their homes in the mountains from New Mexico through West Texas and into northern Mexico. C. The Lipan Apaches lived in the Hill Country and north to the Red River. D. The Spanish from the south and the Comanches from the north warred with the Lipans, forcing them to leave Central Texas and move westward to the mountains.

  23. V. The Comanches (pages 93–94) A. The Comanches lived on the prairies, plateaus, and plains of western Texas from the early 1700s to the late 1800s. Their territory covered parts of Mexico, Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and New Mexico. B. The Comanches were divided into many groups, each one having its own leaders and elder decision makers. C. Comanche life centered on hunting and war. D. Comanches fought fiercely to keep control of their territory, called Comanchería, when Apaches, Wichitas, Tonkawas, and white settlers threatened from all sides.

  24. VI. The Kiowas (page 95) A. The Kiowas were the Comanches’ allies and shared the plains of Texas with them. B. The Kiowas, like other nomadic Plains people, lived in tepees that were made of hide and easy to move. C. The Kiowas prized tradition and ceremony, and they kept alive the stories of their travels. They painted pictures on buffalo hides to record important events. D. Like the Apaches and Comanches, the Kiowas fought to maintain their way of life but were forced onto reservations by 1867

  25. 1. acted as middlemen between farming tribes and those who lived in cities • 2. lost many people in conflicts with other Native Americans and Europeans • 3. spoke a language similar to Native Americans in Canada and Alaska • 4. had councils of older men who made decisions • 5. made alliances with Comanches • Apaches B. Comanches C. Tonkawas D. Kiowas E. Jumanos • 6. The horse was brought to America by the • French. C. Tonkawas. B. English. D. Spanish. • 7. The most important Kiowa festival was the • rain dance. B. harvest ceremony. C. annual sun dance. D. feast of the chiefs. • 8. The Jumanos lived in • large adobe houses. B. tepees. C. cities built on the side of cliffs. D. long houses. • 9. The destruction of buffalo herds and the loss of their horses forced the • Comanches to • A. move to new territory. C. join forces with the Apaches. • B. accept reservation life. D. become gatherers. • 10. The Tonkawas were forced to hunt deer, rabbits, and turtles because • A. their crops failed. C. the buffalo died out. • B. the animals were needed for D. the Apaches and Comanches would • ceremonies. not let them hunt buffalo.

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