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Imperialism. What factors led the US to imperialize?. Destiny – Once Manifest Destiny was achieved the US looked outside its borders for more land. Darwinism – Theory of Social Darwinism promoted the idea that non-Whites were inferior. The White Man’s Burden.
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Imperialism What factors led the US to imperialize?
Destiny – Once Manifest Destiny was achieved the US looked outside its borders for more land.
Darwinism – Theory of Social Darwinism promoted the idea that non-Whites were inferior. The White Man’s Burden
Dollars - Commercial/Business interests wanted access to more raw materials and markets American Foreign Trade:1870-1914 US Foreign Investments 1869-1908
Defense/Power - Military/Strategic Interests Democracy – spreading democratic valuse Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Deity - Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionariesin China, 1905
1878- Pago Pago1899 – partition of the islands between the US and Germany
Hawaii • Missionaries went to Hawaii as early as 1820 • 1887 US pressured King Kalakua into letting the US construct Pearl Harbor to protect American Pacific interest. • 1890 McKinley tariff led to higher tariffs and complaints from sugar and pineapple growers in Hawaii.
Hawaii • 1893 - Led by Dole, the pineapple and sugar growers staged a rebellion and overthrew Queen Liliuokalani (sister of Kalakua). • 1894 - Hawaii, led by Dole, asked to be annexed by the US. President Cleveland refused to consider it. • 1898 – President McKinley pushed for and succeeded in annexing Hawaii.
Additional territories • 1898 - In the Spanish American War the US will gain Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. • 1899 – US acquired Wake Island • 1903 – US acquired the rights to build a canal across Panama and control of the territory on either side of the canal. • 1917 – US purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million to keep them out of the hands of Germany during WWI.
In 1898 Cuba was a colony of Spain. The Cubans were fighting for their independence. The US intervened on the side of the Cubans Causes of the Spanish American War, 1898 #1 – Business interests – the US had $50 million invested in Cuba and $100 million in sugar imports each year. The conflict between Cuba and Spain disrupted trade.
#2 - “Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst
#3- De Lôme Letter • Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. • Criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.
#4 -Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for 260 Mainevictims in Havana
The “Rough Riders” Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders – Battle of San Juan Hill - big victory for the American forces.
The Treaty of Paris: 1898 • Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. • Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. • The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. • The U. S. became an imperial power!
Deaths in the Spanish American War • Of the 274,000 who served 5462 died. • Only 379 were battle casualties, the others were due to disease – mostly yellow fever and malaria.
Cuban Independence? Senator Orville Platt Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Emilio Aguinaldo • Leader of the Filipino Uprising.
President McKinley said the Filipinos were unfit for self government. • “There is nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them.” • The Philippine uprising was more costly in terms of money and US deaths than the Spanish American War.
The American Anti-Imperialist League • Founded in 1899. • Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders. • Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.
What are the arguments for and against American imperialism?
U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, 1914
Panama Canal Teddy Roosevelt in Panama (Canal Construction began in 1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1904 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.
