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“What happened to the Harappan?” Indo-Aryan Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE

“What happened to the Harappan?” Indo-Aryan Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE. 1 sheet of notebook paper. Definitions. Nomadic: Sedentary. Migration. What is Migration? Why do people leave Migrate away from a place? Why do they migrate to a new one?. Indo-Aryan Migrations.

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“What happened to the Harappan?” Indo-Aryan Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE

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  1. “What happened to the Harappan?”Indo-Aryan Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE 1 sheet of notebook paper

  2. Definitions • Nomadic: • Sedentary

  3. Migration • What is Migration? • Why do people leave Migrate away from a place? • Why do they migrate to a new one?

  4. Indo-Aryan Migrations • The discovery of this group of people began with language, we recognize similarities between languages in Europe and Central Asia • These similarities indicated to historians that they all originated from one people who spoke a single ancient language

  5. Similarities in Vocabulary of Indo-European Languages

  6. Spread of Indo-European Speaking People

  7. Eurasian Steppe • Nomadic life, pastoralists • Lived off herding cattle, goats, horses • Well-suited for environment, large grassy plains

  8. Abundance of Horses • First people to domesticate horses • Learned wheel and wagons from Mesopotamians • Used chariots for lifestyle and war

  9. Family & Social Structure • Society based on kinship of the clan • Near & distant relatives all living together while tending herds • Wealth based on herds, resources shared between clan members • Authority likely a clan chief or elder males

  10. Religion • Polytheists – believed in many gods • Honored gods w/animal sacrifices

  11. Migration out of Caucuses • Clans migrated away from Caucasus between 3000-1000 BCE, to Europe, Middle East, and India • We don’t know why • Language develops into new forms, similar words & sentence structure

  12. Central Asian Horsemen • Called themselves the Arya, term became sign of superiority • Ireland – eire (lord) • Persia – ariana (noble) • People who migrated to N. India: Aryans • People of India: Dasas

  13. Check for Understanding • Exchange notes w/person next to you. Read them thoroughly, point out anything they missed • Record any info you are missing into your notes • What were the 6 main points of this lecture?

  14. Activity 3 • Primary challenge for Aryans was establishing order in India • Over time, they gave up their pastoral life and focused on settlements and farming • This was in N. India, near the Ganges river

  15. Caste System • Read the McNeill article. This explains the origins and nature of castes in Vedic India • Read silently and address each question • If we had a caste system in America, who would be a part of yours? • Why might members of both upper and lower classes find comfort in the caste system • Explain reincarnation • Explain how the expectation of reincarnation supported the caste system • What is the significance of the Vedas?

  16. Origins • Upon arriving in India, Aryans divided into 3 social classes: • Brahmins (Priests) • Kshatriya (Warriors) • Vaisya (Farmers/Traders) • Class determined importance in society • Non-Aryan laborers/artisans (shudras), formed 4th group.

  17. Indo-European Artifact

  18. Criteria • 2 major factors: Skin Color & Cleanliness/ Purity • Greatest factor: Aryans vs. non-Aryans • Varna (skin color) was visible feature determining one’s place • The 4 groups known as varnas (castes)

  19. Indo-European Art

  20. Criteria • People born into varna, determined marriage, jobs, socialization • Brahmins considered so pure, only eat food prepared by other Brahmins • Besides skin color, cleanliness & purity were major factors • Butchers, gravediggers, trash collectors lived outside of Caste System – Dalits (“Untouchables”)

  21. Reading 3: The Rig Veda • This describes the first sacrifice of the primeval giant Purusha • What happened when Purusha was sacrificed? • How does this story support the role of priests in Vedic religion? • What info does this provide us concerning the function and importance of each caste?

  22. Reading 4 & 5: Upanishads • What is karma? • How is karma related to reincarnation? • How might karma reinforce the caste system?

  23. Reading 6: The Ramayana • How is the land of Kosala different from the original Indo-European Society? • What is the role of King Dasaratha in this society? What is his greatest concern? • What does this suggest were the greatest political consequences of the Aryan takeover?

  24. Political Influence • Over time, the Aryans replaced their social organization based on membership in clans. They developed states ruled by kings of the Kshatriya (warrior) caste. Northern India was comprised of several small independent kingdoms, not a widespread empire.

  25. Scene from the ancient India text, the Bhagavad Gita

  26. Back to the Caste System • Rank the following occupations in the US: teacher, lawyer, salesperson, factory worker, computer programmer, waitress, farm worker, nanny. • Which do Americans consider the most valuable and respected? Why did you rank them this way?

  27. Varna & Jati • Social Hierarchy: Intentional or Unintentional system of establishing powers and duties of different members in society

  28. Video Clip: The Untouchables • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15elGwkFUYE

  29. SAC • Although many see the Caste System as oppressive and harmful, there are also many who believe it has benefited India in many ways. • We will be debating this issue over whether the Caste System was more harmful or beneficial

  30. SAC - Homework • You will be assigned to either Side A or B. Spend your time preparing your argument by reading background information and completing the front side of your outline sheet to develop your strongest arguments/evidence.

  31. Structured Academic Controversy • You will meet up with a partner w/the same position. Work to refine your arguments and determine what evidence can be best used to defend your position. Prepare a 2 min. presentation of your side.

  32. Structured Academic Controversy • Side A presents to Side B (2-3 mins.) • Side B takes notes while listening. When A is finished, B will restate the arguments they heard (2 mins) • Side B presents to Side A (2-3 mins.) • Side A takes notes while listening. When B is finished, A will restate the arguments they heard (2 mins)

  33. Structured Academic Controversy • Compromise: You may now drop the side you’ve been assigned. As a group of four, determine what points you can all agree on, and what points there are disagreements. Be prepared to share your consensus with the class.

  34. Formative Assessment: Respond in a well-organized assignment paragraph How did the Indo-Aryan migrations affect Indian society?

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