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CS 352

CS 352. Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010. Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick. Teaching Staff. Professor Dan Ernst Office Hours: Wednesday 1:00pm – 3:00pm Thursday 9:30am – 11:30am … or by appointment Phillips 139 ernstdj@uwec.edu.

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CS 352

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  1. CS 352 Computer Organization & Design Fall 2010 Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer that you can kick.

  2. Teaching Staff • Professor Dan Ernst • Office Hours: • Wednesday 1:00pm – 3:00pm • Thursday 9:30am – 11:30am • … or by appointment • Phillips 139 • ernstdj@uwec.edu

  3. Goals of the course • To understand how computer systems are organized • Instruction set architecture • Processor microarchitecture • Systems architecture • To gain skill in evaluating these systems for the purposes of: • making intelligent design decisions • making intelligent programming decisions *new* • making smart purchasing decisions • whatever other purposes you put it to

  4. Where does CS 352 fit in our curriculum? • Software view • CS 145  245  255 • Turning specs into high level language • Hardware view • CS 278 (optional) • electricity  transistors  gates  functional units • CS 352 Builds on both of these • How do we take high-level language and actually compute it? • How do we build a computing device? (based on digital logic?) • Prereqs: CS 255 ( Discrete Structures & Algorithms – Java )

  5. Grading in 352 • Assignments (40% total) • 3 programming assignments – C++ • Purpose is not to teach you how to program • Design project and paper (These are somewhat subject to change!) • Three exams (40% total) • 2 midterms + 1 final • Final exam is at least marginally comprehensive • In-class activities/Quizzes ( ~8 -10 – 20% total) • Attendance not directly counted towards grade • If you’re not here, you’re still responsible for what comes out of my mouth

  6. A picture is worth 1000 words… (or a billion transistors)

  7. Managing Complexity with Abstraction • Designers deal with the extreme complexity of microprocessors by using abstraction. • Focus only on 1-2 levels of abstraction at a time • Similar to OOD • Don’t need to know how the module works, just that it does work. • And the interface

  8. Be Disciplined with Abstraction • Just having abstraction isn’t enough, we need to use it • When designing (HW or SW), take advantage of abstraction by using the properties of: • Hierarchy – Break designs down to manageable pieces • Modularity – Keep your pieces self-contained with well-defined interfaces • Regularity – Make modules “standardized”, and therefore reusable

  9. Levels of Abstraction in a Computer System Apps Applications – Generic Software Operating System – Controlling Software O/S hardware Architecture – HW/SW Interface Arch software marchitecture – High-level organization mArch Logic Digital Logic – Building-block Modules Digital Digital Circuits – Continuous  Discrete Analog Circuits – Fun with Electricity Analog Devices – Transistors, Capacitors, etc. Devices Physics Physical Properties – Electrons, Ions, etc.

  10. What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century? (ABC News poll, 1999) Top responses% Computers 30 Automobile 12 Electricity 9 Television 9 Telephone/Telecommunications 7 Airplane 4 Medicines/Vaccinations 4 ???

  11. Computer Pre-history • Charles Babbage • Analytical Engine • Started in 1834 • Worked on until his death in 1871 • Never Finished • No Hertz Rating • Driven by a steam engine • As designed, was Turing-complete Heinrich Hertz 1857-1894 As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.

  12. What would you say is the greatest invention of the 20th century? (ABC News poll, 1999) Top responses% Computers 30 Automobile 12 Electricity 9 Television 9 Telephone/Telecommunications 7 Airplane 4 Medicines/Vaccinations 4 “The transistor; without it, the XBOX would probably be the size of a city.” - nate66, some xbox forum ???

  13. Introduction of Microelectronics • Miniaturization of immense proportions Transistor: This is an abbreviated combination of the words "transconductance" or "transfer", and "varistor". The device logically belongs in the varistor family, and has the transconductance or transfer impedance of a device having gain, so that this combination is descriptive. — Bell Telephone Laboratories — Technical Memorandum (May 28, 1948) Integrated Circuit: Miniaturized electronic circuit manufactured in a thin layer of semiconductor material.

  14. Moore’s Law

  15. The Power of Miniaturization EDSAC 1 (1949) ~ 500 OPs Pentium 4 (2002) ~ 12 GFLOPs 24,000,000 times faster

  16. Analog Circuits – Electrons in Motion s d Apps s g The NMOS Transistor O/S Arch d mArch g g Logic s s d d Digital Analog Devices Physics

  17. The Field-Effect Transistor (FET) s Apps g The NMOS Transistor O/S Arch d mArch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics

  18. The Most Powerful Abstraction Apps O/S Arch mArch Logic Digital From here on out: ~ Max voltage = 1 ~ Low voltage = 0 Analog Devices Physics

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