Vilas Nitivattananon

1. Guidelines for Allocating Air Pollution Assimilative Capacityfor Industrial Areas Located in Major Industrial Region Vilas Nitivattananon

2. Introduction • Environmental requirements are important for utilization by entrepreneurs in planning for a project • A study to develop a methodology in determining how to evaluate the capacity of industrial area to absorb air pollution from industries in the area • Why is assimilative capacity important? • Because it is desirable to control inefficient use of the capacity without destroying the environment

3. Industrial Regional Management in Thailand • Industrial Estates – established under Industrial Estate Act (1979) • Other industrial areas - established under Factory Act (1992) need permit from Department of Industrial Works (DIW) • Industrial Zone (16) • Industrial Community (4) • Industrial Park (11)

4. Applicable Guidelines of other Countries • Identification of buffer zone according to type of industrial area • Identification of emission rate using standard classified by type of land use • Identification of manufacturing conditions (in terms of emission sources and environmental aspects) to support the operation • Creating relationships between manufacturers and local people by cooperating with central and local governments

5. Methodology • Ability of an area to absorb ever-increasing emissions for one specific pollutant without violating the ambient air standard for that pollutant is known as the assimilative capacity of the area. • To predict this capacity before it is exceeded is the primary goal of air pollution control management

6. Methodology • Data review and collection • Emission source and receptor • Large industry – actual data of stack measurement or design values • Small polluting source – estimation by using emission factor • Monitoring data of ambient air quality • By private sector agencies • By governmental agencies • Meteorological data • most stations measure 3-hr surface air • few stations measure hourly

7. Methodology • Modeling for existing ambient air quality assessment • Use ISC3 model of USEPA for assessment • Two series of modeling runs for each pollutant • Establish current ambient air quality by existing sources, to calculate existing source and baseline impacts • Additional impact from projected growth of the sources to be added to those (impacts) then compared with ambient standard • Violation of the standard would mean that the source would need to be evaluated and permitting stopped until further reductions in emissions could be instituted

8. Methodology • Assimilative Capacity Evaluation • The different between the existing ambient air quality and the standard is the assimilative capacity • To protect the standard from being violated by sources that impact the same air quality monitoring stations but are not included in the algorithm, a buffer concentration is needed. This is some percent of the predicted assimilative capacity

9. Assimilative Capacity

10. Applications • TPI • Major pollutants are SO2, NOx, CO and TSP, through stacks • Results of modeling the existing and future emissions were obtained • Violation of PM-10 for 24-hr standard at some receptors but not at monitoring station • Violation of SO2 for hourly and annual standards at some receptors • Annual average level used to determine buffer zone

11. 24-hr Average Concentration of PM-10 for TPI

12. Annual Concentration of SO2 from the Model

13. Applications • WCF • Major pollutants are particulate matter and hydrocarbon vapors, through ventilation outlets of factories • Results of modeling existing and future emissions were obtained • Violations of PM-10 for 24-hr and annual standards, but not significant from WCF sources

14. 24-hr Average Concentration of PM-10 for WCF

15. Summary of the Applications • Items for effective air quality program • A permit system identifying all pollution sources • An accurate emission inventory • An ambient air monitoring network • An accurate meteorological system • A set of air quality standards

16. Institutional Arrangements • Organizational aspects • Permit institution – appointing Application Committee • Monitoring institution – committee of related agencies and communities • Inspection institution – according to current laws • Legal aspects • Decentralization Committee – allocating authority to local governments • Board of Investment – determining sizes and conditions of industries • Campaigns and public relation – for good cooperation

17. Management Procedures • Identification of industrial types and responsibilities of project developer • Determination of pollutants emission level from sources within industrial zone • As part of permit approval procedure • Determination of buffer zone area • Using allowable concentration and long-term impact values • Public relations • Project information and operation observation

18. Procedure and Conditions for Permit Approval

19. Conclusions • The methodology based on existing and future ambient air quality in the area compared with standard • Limitations of available data, locations of monitoring, frequency and elevation of meteorological data, location and continuity of ambient air quality monitoring, and accuracy of emission data • Guidelines to mitigate environmental impact to acceptable level with required conditions including institutional and management aspects

20. Recommendations • Proper data collection and restoration under present regulations are important • National industrial permitting agency should consider • Preparation of Permit Application Procedure to include FS and EIA • Preparation and utilization of the methodology using data from permitted industries and to allow proper allocation of assimilative capacity of the area

21. Thank you!