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The Rise of Spread of Islam

The Rise of Spread of Islam . Chapter Six AP World History Ms. Tully . The PostClassical Period: Faith and Commerce. Spread of major world religion Development of systematic international trade Three Big Concepts. Pre-Islamic Arabia. Bedouin culture based on kin/clan/tribal networks

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The Rise of Spread of Islam

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  1. The Rise of Spread of Islam Chapter Six AP World History Ms. Tully

  2. The PostClassical Period: Faith and Commerce • Spread of major world religion • Development of systematic international trade • Three Big Concepts

  3. Pre-Islamic Arabia • Bedouin culture based on kin/clan/tribal networks • Shayks – clan/tribal leaders • Fierce interclan rivalries and struggles for resources • Towns and long-distance trade  Mecca & Medina

  4. Pre-Islamic Arabia • Status of women varied by clan • Little art/architecture – focus on poetry • Bedouin religions – blend of animism & polytheism

  5. The Life of Muhammad & Gensis of Islam • Born around 570 CE  Merchant, married Khadijah • One of many prophets concerned about life in Arabia • 610 CE – Muhammad receives revelations from angel Gabriel • Qu’ran basis of new religion

  6. The Fight for Islam in Arabia • Umayyads in Mecca saw Muhammad as a threat • Muhammad flees to Medina Hijra • 620s – Conflict between Muhammad’s Median forces & Umayyad controlled Mecca • Destroyed old idols, Mecca now under Islamic faith

  7. The Appeal of Islam • Monotheism dominated any tribal or class divisions • Umma – Community of the faithful • Provided ethical system Qu’ran • Similarity/unity with other Semitic religions

  8. The Appeal of Islam • Five Pillars of Islam • Profession of faith • Pray 5x day • Fast during Ramadan • Pay Zakat for charity • Perform a Hajj

  9. Muhammad’s Successor? • Died in 632 – who should succeed him? • Creation of Caliph – political and religious successor to Muhammad • Ali – Muhammad’s son-in-law? • Abu Bakr – Muhammad’s close friend • Ridda Wars  military campaigns against rebel Arab clans

  10. Spread of Islam • New sense of unity & strength • Booty came from conquests • Jihad theory of conquest not true • Sasanian empire weak  overthrown by 651 • Byzantines weakened by Arabs, but not destroyed • Rise of naval supremacy

  11. Rivals to Islamic Expansion

  12. Spread of Islam

  13. The Sunni-Shi’a Split • The main division between Sunni and Shia Muslims is originally not a religious one, but a political one. • Sunni Muslims: Abu Bakr was the best choice as caliph; caliphs should be chosen from the umma (Muslim community). (85%) • Shia Muslims: Ali should have been picked as caliph (successor should have been kept in the family). They do not recognize the authority of Sunni Muslim leaders. (15%) • Over centuries, differences in belief and law develop which contributes to many major disputes in the region until this day

  14. Geographic Distribution of Sunni/Shi’a

  15. Caliphs & Caliphates • Caliph = Islamic religious and political leader • Caliphate = dynasty of Islamic caliphs • Rashidun or Rightly Guided Caliphs (632-661) • Abu Bakr; Umar; Uthman; Ali • Umayyads (661-750, centered in Damascus) • Abbasids (750-1258, centered in Baghdad) • Córdobas (756-1031, Iberia) • Fatimids (909-1171, North Africa, Shi’a) • Almohads (1145-1269, North Africa, Iberia) • Ottomans (1517-1922)

  16. Umayyad Caliphate • Political center moved to Damascus • Small Arab & Muslim aristocracy ruled over empire of non-Arabs/Muslims • Mawali – Non-Arab Muslim converts • Dhimmi – people of the book

  17. Umayyad Caliphate • New expectations for women & marriage • Umayyads addicted to luxury – big reason for downfall • Revolts in empire began in 740 CE  Rise of Abbasid challenge • Abbasid defeated Umayyads in 750  hunted down all members of Umayyad family • ‘Abd al-Rahman escaped  formed caliphate in Cordoba

  18. Abbasid Caliphate • Moved capital to Baghdad • Bureaucratization of empire Wazier • Full integration of converts • Rise in the status of merchants  Growth of cities • Translation and preservations of classical texts • Key to development of great trade routes

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