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Endomembrane System

Endomembrane System . Whitley Hanna Jesse Crow. Endomembrane Syste m. Membranes that are suspended in cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell The membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles

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Endomembrane System

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  1. Endomembrane System Whitley Hanna Jesse Crow

  2. Endomembrane System • Membranes that are suspended in cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell • The membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles • Included: nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth reticulum, Golgi and lysosomes

  3. Nuclear Envelope • Double lipid bilayer • Encloses genetic material • Found in eukaryotic cells • It separates contents of nucleus from cytoplasm • Connected to nuclear lamina (network of intermediate filaments) which is a site of attachment for chromosomes and has been associated with genetic disorder • Diabetes, muscular dystrophy and premature aging are all symptoms of this disorder

  4. Nuclear Envelope • Similar to a paper bag • This is because the paper bag will protect all the things in your lunch, like the nuclear envelope protects everything in the nucleus • However, if you get the paper bag wet then your lunch will spoil. Much like how the nuclear envelope can malfunction and cause disorders in the body

  5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Found in eukaryotic cell • Forms a network of tubules and vesicles in cells • Synthesizes Proteins • Builds amino acid chains • Studded with ribosomes • Moves vesicles to Golgi apparatus

  6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Like a factory where things are packaged and sent off to different places • This is just like rough ER makes proteins and sends them off to the Golgi apparatus

  7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Found in eukaryotic cells • Synthesizes lipids and steroids • Metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids • Regulates calcium concentration • Produces lipids in some organs

  8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Similar to a highway because it is usually called the transitional ER • It contains exit sites from which transport vesicles carrying these proteins and lipids tear off for transport to the Golgi apparatus

  9. Smooth and Rough ER • Japanese Encephalitis virus infection causes ER stress, which leads to unfolded protein response and calcium imbalance

  10. Golgi Apparatus • Found in eukaryotic cells • Receives protein filled vesicles that bud from rough ER and lipid filled vesicles that bud from smooth ER • Contains enzymes that modify carbohydrate chains • Sorts modified molecules and packages them into vesicles that leave the outer face of the Golgi

  11. Golgi Appatatus • Similar to an airport • This is because in an air port bags must be checked just like the Golgi checks proteins sent from the ER

  12. Lysosomes • Found in eukaryotic cells • Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus • Have low pH • Assist in digesting material taken in to the cell • Destroy non-functional organelles and portions of cytoplasm • A missing lysosomal enzyme can cause disease, such as Tay-Sach’s. Tay-Sach’s is a disease in which the missing enzyme digests a fatty substance that helps insulate nerve cells. People will this disease show symptoms after six months

  13. Lysosomes • Similar to a garbage disposal because they clean up unwanted organelles and digest unwanted material

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