The Endomembrane System A Tour of the Protein Synthesis Pathway

1. The Endomembrane System A Tour of the Protein Synthesis Pathway

2. Essential Question(s) • Why do eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition cells into specialized regions?

3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Eukaryote Prokaryote

4. Compartmentalization

5. Cellular Work

6. Building Proteins Proteins DNA Cells Organism

7. Protein Synthesis Overview The Protein Assembly Line Nucleus Ribosome rER Golgi Vesicles The Endomembrane System

8. Endomembrane System

9. Nucleus

10. Nucleus

11. Nucleolus

12. Ribosomes

13. Types of Ribosomes Bound Ribosomes Free Ribosomes

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum

15. Rough ER

16. Smooth ER

17. Synthesizing Secreted Proteins cisternal space polypeptide signal sequence ribosome ribosome membrane of endoplasmic reticulum mRNA cytoplasm

18. Golgi Apparatus

19. Vesicular Transport protein migrating transport vesicle FUSION of vesicle with Golgi apparatus vesicle BUDDING from rough ER ribosome

20. Putting it All Together cell membrane nucleus protein secreted nuclear pore rough ER ribosome vesicle proteins smooth ER Golgi apparatus transport vesicle cytoplasm

21. Putting it All Together

22. Enduring Understandings • Archaea and bacteria generally lack internal membranes and organelles and have a cell wall. • Membranes and membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells localize – compartmentalize – intracellular metabolic processes and specific enzymatic reactions. • Internal membranes facilitate cellular processes by minimizing competing interactions and by increasing surface area where reactions occur. • Ribosomes are small , universal structures comprised of two interacting parts; ribosomal RNA and protein. In a sequential manner, these cellular components interact to become the site of protein synthesis where the translation of genetic instructions yields specific polypeptides.

23. Enduring Understandings • Rough endoplasmic reticulum – rER – functions to compartmentalize the cell, serves as mechanical support, provides site-specific protein synthesis with membrane-bound ribosomes and plays a role in intracellular transport. • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum – sER – synthesizes lipids. • The Golgi complex is a membrane-bound structure that consists of a series of flattened membrane sacs, called cisternae. • Functions of the Golgi include synthesis and packaging of materials – small molecules – for transport in vesicles and production of lysosomes

24. Small Group CFU 1 Take 2 minutes Spend the next 2 minutes with your partner clarify your understanding of the topic by asking and answering your questions with your partner. Be sure to identify content that you missed or were confused about, and clarify these points. Annotate your notes using symbols to identify the main ideas, underlining or highlighting key terms, or adding supporting details, examples or explanations to figures. After three minutes have expired, work with your partner to answer the multiple choice notes-check questions. You may discuss the solutions with only your partner, quietly. Answer each of these questions using your notes, and underline the statement or phrase that provides the answer. This will denote the most importance information for your review later on. Record any clarifying questions at the bottom of your page

25. Protein Synthesis Overview

26. Synthesizing Secreted Proteins cisternal space polypeptide signal sequence ribosome ribosome membrane of endoplasmic reticulum mRNA cytoplasm

27. Putting it All Together cell membrane nucleus protein secreted nuclear pore rough ER ribosome vesicle proteins smooth ER Golgi apparatus transport vesicle cytoplasm