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5G Wireless Communication Networks

5G Wireless Communication Networks. Presentation Outline. Overview Objective of 5G EU Project METIS Key Technologies to Get to 1000x Data Rate Architecture of 5G References. Overview

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5G Wireless Communication Networks

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  1. 5G WirelessCommunication Networks www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. Presentation Outline • Overview • Objective of 5G • EU Project METIS • Key Technologies to Get to 1000x Data Rate • Architecture of 5G • References www.assignmentpoint.com

  3. Overview • Wireless system designers have been facing the continuously increasing demand for high data rates and mobility required by new wireless applications (for example femtocell mobility) and therefore have started research on fifth generation wireless systems that are expected to be deployed beyond 2020. • The requirement of heterogeneous wireless devices and wide-ranging applications on extremely dense urban scenarios has led to challenging conditions that cannot be easily handled by 4G systems, such as the inefficient use of the frequency spectrum and the high energy consumption. www.assignmentpoint.com

  4. 2. Objective of 5G The main objective of 5G is to support the mobile data traffic at extremely high speed. Data rate can be measured in several different ways: Aggregate data rate refers to the total amount of data the network can serve, characterized in units of bits/s/area. It indicates the density of throughput in service area. The increased in data rate will be roughly 1000x from 4G to 5G. Edge rate, or 5% rate, is the worst data rate that a user can reasonably expect to receive when in range of the network. Goals for the 5G edge rate range from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. Latency:5G will need to be able to support a roundtrip latency of about 1 ms, where current 4G roundtrip latencies are on the order of about 15 ms. Energy and Cost: As we move to 5G, costs and energy consumption will, ideally, decrease, but at least they should not increase on a per-link basis. Since the per-link data rates being offered will be increasing by about 100x, this means that the Joules per bit and cost per bit (in context of call charge) will need to fall by at least 100x. Small cells should be 10-100x cheaper and more power efficient than macrocells. A major cost consideration for 5G, even more so than in 4G due to the new BS densities and increased bandwidth, is the backhaul from the network edges into the core. www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. 3. EU project METIS www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. The EU project METIS which stands for Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society. • The main objective of the project is to lay the foundation of 5G, the next generation mobile and wireless communications system. The project consortium consists of 25 partners representing vendors, operators, academic institutions, and the automotive industry. www.assignmentpoint.com

  8. World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC) World radiocommunication conferences (WRC) are held every three to four years. It is the job of WRC to review, and, if necessary, revise the Radio Regulations. Revisions are made on the basis of an agenda determined by the ITU Council, which takes into account recommendations made by previous world radiocommunication conferences. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Commercialization Exploratory research Pre-standardization activities Standardization activities WRC’12 WRC’15 WRC’18/19 World Radio Communication Conference (WRC) of 5G www.assignmentpoint.com

  9. 5G Challenges Large diversity of Use cases & Requirements Avalanche of Traffic Volume Massive growth in Connected Devices Further expansion of mobile broadband Additional traffic due to communicating machines “Communicating machines” Device-to-Device Communications Car-to-Car Comm. New requirements and characteristics due to communicating machines “1000x in ten years” “50 billion devices in 2020” www.assignmentpoint.com

  10. METIS Technical Objectives 1000x data volume 50/500 B devices Up to 10Gbps Few ms E2E 10 years 1000x higher mobile data volumes 10-100x higher number of connected devices 10-100x typical end-user data rates 5xlower latency 10xlonger battery lifefor low-power devices

  11. 5G Future Integrationof access technologies into one seamless experience Evolution and / or and / or Complementary new technologies Revolution • D2D Communications • Massive MIMO • Ultra-DenseNetworks Respond to traffic explosion Extend to novel applications • Ultra-ReliableCommunications 10 x longer battery life for low power M2M • Moving Networks 10 -100 x higher typical user rate 10 -100 x higher number of connected devices 1000 x higher mobile data volume per area • Massive MachineCommunications • Higher Frequencies 5 x reduced E2E latency Existing technologies in 2012 Wifi 3G 4G

  12. Following services are integrated under MEITS A. Device-to-Device (D2D) Direct D2D Communication refers to direct communication between devices, without routing the data paths through any network infrastructure. A direct link without routing via Evolved Node B (eNB) and possibly Core Network (CN). In the D2D communication BSs do not have any more the overall control, but the control is at some extent moved to UEs. The goals are to increase coverage, to offload backhaul and to increase spectrum usage and capacity per area. www.assignmentpoint.com

  13. B. Machine to Machine (M2M) Communication • When talking about Machine-to-Machine Communication, we talk about local or global wireless ad-hoc networks of devices or machines equipped with embedded communication systems. They allow them to communicate autonomously with each other without human intervention. Few examples of M2M communication of 5G is given below. • Cars or Vehicles are also machines. In cases of M2M they are able to communicate with each other, if they share the same network. Intelligent Transport Systems that, for example, will provide cars and buses with information about road traffic or accidents ahead. • Another use for communicating devices is for industrial applications. This can be used for remote control of heavy machinery in remote or hazardous places. • A fleet of drones (flying robots) equipped with sensors and intelligent algorithms could be enabled to apply intelligent algorithms. A drone could learn a new route and instantly teach it to other drones of the fleet. They could as well exchange environmental information like weather, air-pressure or humidity. www.assignmentpoint.com

  14. D. Moving Networks (MN) A moving network node for example MFemtocell (Mobile Femtocell)is a small cell that can move around and dynamically change its connection to an operator’s core network • The 5G cellular architecture should also be a heterogeneous one, with macrocells, microcells, small cells, and relays. • An MFemtocell is a small cell that can move around and dynamically change its connection to an operator’s core network. It can be deployed on public transport buses, trains, and even private cars to enhance service quality to users within vehicles. • MFemtocells are located inside vehicles to communicate with users within the vehicle, while large antenna arrays are located outside the vehicle to communicate with outdoor BSs. An MFemtocell and its associated users are all viewed as a single unit to the BS. From the user point of view, an MFemtocell is seen as a regular BS. www.assignmentpoint.com

  15. MFemtocells can contribute to signaling overhead reduction of the network. For instance, an MFemtocell can perform a handover on behalf of all its associated users, which can reduce the handover activities for users within the MFemtocell. This makes the deployment of MFemtocells suitable for high-mobility environments. • In addition, the energy consumption of users inside an Mfemtocell can be reduced due to relatively shorter communication range and low signaling overhead. www.assignmentpoint.com

  16. E. Ultra-dense Networks (UDN) Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) refers to an access node densification far beyond today’s networks. • A straightforward but extremely effective way to increase the network capacity is to make the cells smaller. • Cell shrinking has numerous benefits, the most important being the reuse of spectrum across a geographic area and the ensuing reduction in the number of users competing for resources at each BS. • Difficult to support mobility of users against frequent handoff and installation cost. www.assignmentpoint.com

  17. F. Ultra-reliable Networks (URN) Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC) refers to solutions that will enable high degrees of reliability and availability. In this context, METIS aims at providing scalable and cost-efficient solutions for networks supporting services with extreme requirements on availability and reliability. www.assignmentpoint.com

  18. G. Millimeter Wave • Terrestrial wireless communication systems have largely restricted their operation to the relatively slim range of microwave frequencies that extends from several hundred MHz to a few GHz and corresponds to wavelengths in the range of a few centimeters up to about a meter. • Fortunately, vast amounts of relatively idle spectrum do exist in the mmWave range of 30– 300 GHz, where wavelengths are 1–10 mm. • The main reason that mmWave spectrum lies idle is that, until recently, it had been deemed unsuitable for mobile communications because of rather hostile propagation qualities, including strong pathloss, atmospheric and rain absorption, low diffraction around obstacles and penetration through objects, and, further, because of strong phase noise and exorbitant equipment costs. www.assignmentpoint.com

  19. H. Massive MIMO: • In massive MIMO, a very large antenna array is used at each base station. Massive MIMO can be used for a more efficient backhaul wireless link or even for the access link, in which a large number of users are served simultaneously. • We know that wireless users stay indoors for about 80 percent of time, while only stay ourdoors about 20 percent of the time . The current conventional cellular architecture normally uses an outdoor BS in the middle of a cell communicating with mobile users, no matter whether they stay indoors or outdoors. • For indoor users communicating with the outdoor BS, the signals have to go through building walls, and this causes very high penetration loss, which significantly damages the data rate, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of wireless transmissions. www.assignmentpoint.com

  20. One of the key ideas of designing the 5G cellular architecture is to separate outdoor and indoor scenarios so that penetration loss through building walls can somehow be avoided. • Outdoor BSs will be equipped with large antenna arrays with some antenna elements (also large antenna arrays) distributed around the cell and connected to the BS via optical fibers. www.assignmentpoint.com

  21. Different alternatives for the deployment of massive MIMO, including distributed antennas, planar arrays and cylindrical arrays. www.assignmentpoint.com

  22. Outdoor mobile users are normally equipped with limited numbers of antenna elements, but they can collaborate with each other to form a virtual large antenna array, which together with BS antenna arrays will construct virtual massive MIMO links. • Large antenna arrays will also be installed outside of every building to communicate with outdoor BSs or distributed antenna elements of BSs, possibly with line of sight (LoS) components. • Large antenna arrays have cables connected to the wireless access points inside the building communicating with indoor users. This will certainly increase the infrastructure cost in the short term while significantly improving the cell average throughput, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and data rate of the cellular system in the long run. www.assignmentpoint.com

  23. Challenges of massive MIMO www.assignmentpoint.com

  24. Architectural Challenges: A more serious challenge to the realization of the massive MIMO vision has to do with its architecture. The vision requires radically different BS structures where, in lieu of a few high-power amplifiers feeding a handful of sector antennas, we would have a myriad of tiny antennas fed by correspondingly low-power amplifiers; most likely each antenna would have to be integrated with its own amplifier. Coexistence with Small Cells: As mentioned earlier, massive MIMO BSs would most likely have to coexist with tiers of small cells, which would not be equipped with massive MIMO. As networks become dense and more traffic is offloaded to small cells, the number of active users per cell will diminish and the need for massive MIMO may decrease. www.assignmentpoint.com

  25. Coexistence with mmWave: We know, mmWave communication requires many antennas for beamsteering. The antennas are much smaller at these frequencies and thus very large numbers there of can conceivably fit into portable devices, and these antennas indeed provide beamforming power gain. Full-Dimension MIMO and Elevation Beamforming: Existing BSs mostly feature linear horizontal arrays, which in tower structures can only accommodate a limited number of antennas, due to form factors, and which only exploit the azimuth angle dimension. By adopting planar 2D arrays and further exploiting the elevation angle, so-called full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) can house many more antennas with the same form factor. www.assignmentpoint.com

  26. METIS 5G Architecture C-RAN + Mobile Core – Distributed Functions(incl. optional local breakout or CDN) C-RAN D2D / URC … CoMP MMC Internet MassiveMIMO Mobile Core – CentralizedFunctions + OAM MN Centralizedor distributed? UDN Aggregation Network (local, regional, national) * Only Remote Radio Units (RRUs) assumed. • Local break out & Distributed mobile core functions • Accelerated content delivery • Tech. Dependent • D2D, MMC (Massive Machine Comm.), Moving Networks (MN), UDN Ultra-reliable Comm. (URC) • Amazingly Fast scenario • high data rates & network capacities • Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) • ISD about 10 m • >= 1 radio nodes per room Macro radio node* Wireless access Wireless fronthaul Wired fronthaul Wired backhaul Internet access Small cell radio node*, e.g. micro, (ultra-)pico, femto Note: Indoor cells not shown!

  27. 4. Key Technologies to Get to 1000x Data Rate • Main features of 5G wireless communication systems are: • Base Station Densification • Multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) Association, • Cognitive Radio Networks, • Mobile Femtocell • Green Communications • Millimeter Wave • Massive MIMO. www.assignmentpoint.com

  28. Multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) Association: • Networks will continue to become increasingly heterogeneous as we move towards 5G. A key feature therein will be increased integration between different RATs, with a typical 5G-enabled device having radios capable of supporting not only a potentially new 5G standard but also 3G, numerous releases of 4G LTE including possibly LTE-Unlicensed, several types of WiFi, and perhaps direct device-to-device (D2D) communication, all across a great many spectral bands. • Determining the optimal user association can be a massive combinatorial optimization problem that depends on the SINR from every user to every BS and the instantaneous load at each BS. www.assignmentpoint.com

  29. Fig. 1: User association in a multi-RAT network over many frequency bands is complex. In this simplified scenario, a mobile user in turn associates with different BSs based on a tradeoff between the gain to that BS and the traffic load (congestion) that it is experiencing. www.assignmentpoint.com

  30. Cognitive Radio Networks: • The CR network is an innovative software defined radio technique considered to be one of the promising technologies to improve the utilization of the congested RF spectrum. • Adopting CR is motivated by the fact that a large portion of the radio spectrum is underutilized most of the time. In CR networks, a secondary system can share spectrum bands with the licensed primary system, either on an interference-free basis or on an interference-tolerant basis. • CR receivers should first monitor and allocate the unused spectrums via spectrum sensing (or combining with geolocation databases) and feed this information back to the CR transmitter. A coordinating mechanism is required in multiple CR networks that try to access the same spectrum to prevent users colliding when accessing the matching spectrum holes. www.assignmentpoint.com

  31. Green Communications • The design of 5G wireless systems should take into account minimizing the energy consumption in order to achieve greener wireless communication systems. Wireless system operators around the world should aim to achieve such energy consumption reductions, which consequently contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The indoor communication technologies are promising deployment strategies to get better energy efficiency. • Moreover, by separating indoor traffic from outdoor traffic, the marcocell BS will have less pressure in allocating radio resources and can transmit with low power, resulting in a significant reduction in energy consumption. www.assignmentpoint.com

  32. 6. Architecture of 5G www.assignmentpoint.com

  33. 5G network architecture under METIS (Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society) project funded by European Commission www.assignmentpoint.com

  34. The MasterCore Architecture www.assignmentpoint.com

  35. The MasterCore Equipments (MCE) : In 5G MasterCore these mobile and other devices (Laptop, local networking devices etc.) are referred as the MasterCore Equipments (MCE) as they are improved with nanotechnology, Beam Transceiver, Advance Optical Line Terminal (AOLT), Advance Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AAWG). Nanotechnology refers NanoEquipments (NE) are Morph, Graphene's Transistor, GPS, Micro-Micro Phones, Liquid lens, Intelligent Batteries and Nanosensor. 5G-IU 5G-IU (5G Interfacing Unit) acts to make the most powerful of 5G wireless communication system. Because, all sorts of radio access technologies are combined in a common platform is complex form of aggregation. It will be more complex in future when added new radio access technologies. www.assignmentpoint.com

  36. The MasterCore Technologies (MCT) These technologies have their own impact on exiting wireless network which makes them in to 5G. The different segments of the MasterCore Technology (MCT) are displayed below in figure below. Segments of the MasterCore Technology (MCT) www.assignmentpoint.com

  37. Parallel Multimode (PMM) In 5G Wireless Communication Systems, The MasterCore can be operated into parallel multimode such as All IP Network Mode, 5G Network Mode, where in All IP Network Mode controls all network technologies of RAN and DAT (Different Access Networks) up to 5G new deployments. 5G Network Mode manages all new deployments based on 5G as a result 5G network systems will be more efficiency, powerful and less complicated. The All-IP Network (AIPN) is an evolution of the 3GPP system to fulfill the increasing demands of the cellular communications market . www.assignmentpoint.com

  38. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the application of nanoscience to control process on nanometer scale between 0.1 to 100nm. As the future applications will require more memory and computing power to offer higher data rates, current technologies can not resolve these challenges. Fortunately, nanotechnology could provide effective solutions for power efficient computing, sensing, memory enlargement, and humanmachine interaction. www.assignmentpoint.com

  39. Nanotechnology has shown its impact on both mobile as well as the core network as follows. • The mobile device has become more than a communication device in modern world; computation and communication are ready to serve the user in an intelligent way. Mobile devices together with the intelligence, embedded in human environments, will create a new platform that enables ubiquitous sensing, computing, and communication. With nanotechnology mobile phones can act as intelligent sensors that have applications in many industries, among them transportation, communications, medicine and safety. • The core network requires high speed and a reliable capacity to manipulate and interoperate increasing number of heterogeneous access technologies. At present, nanotechnologies are used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Fabrication, introducing new perceptions in DSP designing that increases the overall system speed & capacity. www.assignmentpoint.com

  40. Cloud computing Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote server to maintain data and applications. In 5G networks this central remote server could be a content provider. Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. The same concept is going to be used in multi-core technology where the user tries to access his private account form a global content provider through cloud computing. www.assignmentpoint.com

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