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1. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Fractures and Dislocations: Assessment and Classification Jim A. Youssef, M.D.
Original Authors: Christopher Bono, MD and Mitch Harris, MD; March 2004
Jim A. Youssef, MD; Revised January 2006 and May 2011
2. Anatomy of Thoracic Spine Kyphosis is natural alignment Narrow spinal canal Facet orientation Rib factor on stability Conus at T12-L1