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Muscle Physiology

Muscle Physiology. Skeletal muscle function. Muscle Strength. A motor unit is one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls The force with which a whole muscle contracts depends on how many motor units the nervous system stimulates. All or None….

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Muscle Physiology

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  1. Muscle Physiology Skeletal muscle function

  2. Muscle Strength • A motor unit is one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls • The force with which a whole muscle contracts depends on how many motor units the nervous system stimulates.

  3. All or None….. • A muscle will either completely contract, or not at all. • This means the stimulus only needs to pass the threshold.

  4. What is the threshold? • The minimum amount of stimulation that will cause a muscle fiber to completely contract. • The amount of work that a muscle is being asked to perform is directly proportional to the threshold of the stimulus.

  5. Types of muscle contractions • Isometric: Muscle increases in tension but does not shorten • Isotonic: The muscle shortens and the amount of tension is constant. • Most muscle movement is a combination of both types of contractions.

  6. Muscle Fatigue • Fatigue is the decrease in ability to do work • Psychological fatigue is when a person thinks he/she cannot do any more muscular work • Muscle fatigue means the muscles have trouble, or are unable to respond to stimuli

  7. Energy for muscle contraction • Creatine phosphate can be used as an energy source for ATP production. • Most ATP is produced during aerobic respiration

  8. Oxygen and exercise • Heavy exercise creates EPOC – excess post-exercise oxygen consumption • The time spent in EPOC depends on each person’s level of fitness • Fat metabolism is also a factor because more oxygen is required to generate energy from fats

  9. Hypertrophy and Atrophy • Hypertrophy is an increase in a muscle’s size • Most hypertrophy is due to exercise • Atrophy is a decrease in muscle size • This is usually due to disuse.

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