1 / 20

Managing Information Technology 6 th Edition

Managing Information Technology 6 th Edition. CHAPTER 2 COMPUTER HARDWARE. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS. All computers made up of the same set of six building blocks: arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit (ALU and control unit  central processing unit or CPU), input,

grazia
Download Presentation

Managing Information Technology 6 th Edition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Managing Information Technology6th Edition CHAPTER 2COMPUTER HARDWARE

  2. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS All computers made up of the same set of six building blocks: • arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), • control unit (ALU and control unit  central processing unit or CPU), • input, • Output (sometimes considered jointly as input/output or I/O, • memory, • and files (i.e., secondary memory)

  3. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Input/Output • Device(s) needed to enter data into the computer for it to use in its computations • Common input • Keyboard, mice • Common output • printer, monitor

  4. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Memory • Referred to as main memory or primary memory • All data flows to and from memory

  5. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Arithmetic/Logic Unit • Mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) • Logical operations (number comparisons) Control unit • Controls the other five components of the computer system

  6. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Computer files/secondary storage • File devices used to store vast quantities of data • File storage devices: • Magnetic tape/drives • Optical CD/DVD drives

  7. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Computer files • Types of DASDs: • Removable drives • Floppy drives • Zip drives • Keychain drives

  8. STORED-PROGRAM CONCEPT • Program • A list of what is to be done for an application • Each step or operation is called an instruction • Machine language • Form of a program that can be understood by a specific computer model • Consists of operation code and addresses

  9. STORED-PROGRAM CONCEPT • Measure of computer power • Millions of instructions per second (MIPS) • Millions of floating point operations per second (MFLOPS) • Benchmarking involves running a set of real jobs on various machines to compare speed

  10. STORED-PROGRAM CONCEPT Benchmarking

  11. EXTENSIONS TO THE BASIC MODEL Cache memory • High-speed, high-cost storage • Used as intermediary between control unit and main memory • Compensates for speed mismatches built into the computer system

  12. EXTENSIONS TO THE BASIC MODEL Cache memory • Locality of reference • If a piece of data is used, there is a high probability that a nearby piece of data will be used shortly thereafter • Data reuse • Data is retained in cache until it has not been recently referenced

  13. EXTENSIONS TO THE BASIC MODEL Multiprocessor systems • Systems that contain more than one processor • Dual-processor vs. dual-core • Dual-processor systems contain two physically separate processors in the same box • Dual-core systems contain two complete processors manufactured as part of a single chip

  14. EXTENSIONS TO THE BASIC MODEL Multiprocessor systems • Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) • All processors are identical and work independently of each other • Parallel processor (PP) • Multiple processors work on separate pieces of the same program • Massively parallel processor (MPP) • Machines with a large number of parallel processors

  15. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Microcomputers • Also called personal computers or PCs • Two major types of microcomputers • IBM-compatible PCs • Apple microcomputers • Examples: • Desktop PC • Laptop or notebook • Handheld or palmtop • Tablet PC

  16. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Midrange systems • Broadest category of computer systems • Workstations • More powerful microcomputers • Success due to development of the reduced instruction set computing (RISC) chip • Minicomputers • Similar to mainframe systems, but less powerful and less expensive • Used for departmental computers, office automation, and servers

  17. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Mainframe computers • The heart of the computer systems for most major corporations and government agencies • Major strength is versatility in applications • Online and batch processing • Standard business applications • Engineering and scientific applications • Network control • Systems development • Web serving

  18. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Supercomputers • Serve as “number-crunchers” • Handle problems generated by research scientists • High-end supercomputers located in government research laboratories and major universities • Fastest supercomputer (IBM Blue Gene/L) incorporates 65,536 processors and can achieve performance of 280.6 teraflops

More Related