Renaissance

1. Renaissance The Renaissance

2. OBJECTIVES 3 Define Renaissance Describe factors that led to the Renaissance Identify the reasons the Renaissance began in Italy Explain the role of patrons in Renaissance society

3. Renaissance • Fr. word meaning REBIRTH • Rebirth of what? • classical culture: Greece & Rome • What was that? • Focus on human life, learning, reason • 1st occurred in Northern Italy about the 15th c. • WHY?

4. The Crusades - Review • What were the effects of the Crusades? • Religious Intolerance • Increased Trade • Destruction of Byzantine Empire • Decline in Pope’s power • Decline in Feudal system • Revival of Greek Ideas

5. Black Death • Lots of ppl died • Plague killed kings, peasants, townspeople, church officials everyone died • This causes 2 things – • Decline in the feudal system – and a rise of towns • A focus on human life & living for the moment

6. Causes of the Renaissance • Focus on human life & the present • Focus on the individual (Black Death) • Increased trade • Lead to an increase in money, growth of towns (Crusades) • Fall of Byzantine Empire • Spread Greek scholars throughout Europe (Crusades) • Revival in Greek thinking & art (Crusades)

7. Why Italy? • Cities (about 100,000 people) • Florence • Genoa • Venice • Rome • Cities of Italy survived the MA - grown into prosperous trade centers. • Cities allowed people to specialize in 1 pursuit – especially art • Allowed merchants in Northern Italy to become very wealthy

8. Why Italy? • Why Italy? WHY ITALY? • It’s the rebirth of ROMAN ideas. So why Italy? • Rome is in Italy, there were ruins & reminders of the culture all around

9. Why Italy? • Italy home to the ppl most likely to be patrons • Patron: sponsor of the arts (they gave lots of money to artists) • Who did Italy have that had lots of money? • Merchants • Pope

10. Art and Patronage • Italians willing to spend a lot of $$ on art. • Art communicated soc., pol., & spiritual values. • Italian banking & international trade interests had the money. • Public art in Florence was organized & supported by merchants. Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

11. Medici • Medici family controlled banking throughout all Europe • The richest individuals in all Europe • Medicis - not the rulers of Florence. • Used wealth & influence to control gov’t. behind the scenes.

12. Popes • Popes used church $$$ to rebuild Rome • Commissioned many religious works • Sistine Chapel • School of Athens

13. Filippo Brunelleschi • Built cathedral dome. • Used unique architectural concepts. • Studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome. • Used ribs for support.

15. Comparing Domes

16. Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

17. Lorenzo Ghiberti • Goldsmith in Florence • His great work, the Doors to the Baptistery of Florence • considered 1st great work of Renaissance • “Gates of Paradise” - Michelagelo

19. BELL WORK • In your Reading Packet- • Boys: Read about the Courtly Woman. • List 5 characteristics of the courtly woman • Girls: Read about the Courtly Man • List 5 characteristics of the courtly man

20. OBJECTIVES • Explain the 3 main Renaissance values • Apply them to the artwork of the time period • Compare to Middle Ages values. • Describe the “ideal” man and woman of the Renaissance

21. Values and Ideals that Defined Renaissance Thought

22. What Was the Renaissance? Ren. time of creativity & change in many areas political, social, economic, and cultural. the way ppl viewed themselves & their world. Ren. thinkers explored the human experience in the here and now. Emphasized individual achievement. Ren. ideal was the person w/talent in many fields. 1 25

23. 3 Important Values that set Ren. Thought apart from the MA HISisms • Humanism: Love of Classical Learning • Individualism: Celebration of the Individual • Secularism: Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures

24. Humanism • Humanism- study of classical culture • What every educated person should know • Focused: Greco-Roman • scholars rejected culture of MA • return to Greco-Roman culture • All art inspired by Greece & Rome • Freestanding statues How is this different from the Middle Ages?

25. Individualism • Celebration of the individual • Individuals become more important than churches, guilds, etc. • Artists wanted to be remembered- everyone did! • Biographies & portrait painting • emphasize importance of individuals How is this diff. from the Middle Ages?

26. Secularism • Secularism: the belief that religion should have no part in political /public affairs • Enjoy worldly pleasures/luxuries • Clothes, jewels, food • Art had more earthly subjects How is this different from the MA?

27. The Renaissance 'Individual'

28. Ideals for Men and Women During the Renaissance • Baldassare Castiglione’s, “The Courtier” provided an outline of what was considered ‘ideal’ for men/women.

29. Expected: well educated, especially in the classics Charming, Polite & Witty… Dancing, singing, poetry & music were all necessities Also, being strong & athletic is important Some Characteristics of the Ideal Man

30. Like men, wmn expected to … Know classical lit. Play music, dance & be charming However, wmn not expected to be poets/painters Should inspire art Manage house & kids Not get involved in social discussions The Ideal Woman

31. The Renaissance “Man” • Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. • Deep knowledge/skill in one area. • Able to link information from different areas/disciplines & create new knowledge. • The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Ren. edu.