Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Malaysian Medicinal Plants

1. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Malaysian Medicinal Plants Muhammad Taher Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia 19th CPA-MPS 2007, KUALA LUMPUR

2. Presentation layout • Introduction • Objective • Methodology • Results and discussion • Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Antioxidant “Any substance, when present at low concentrations compared with those of an oxidizable substrate, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate “ Free Radicals in Biological Medicine, 3rd ed. 1999

5. Antioxidant action • The antioxidant can act by the following mechanisms: reducing activity, free radical-scavenging, potential complexing of pro-oxidant metals and quenching of singlet oxygen.

6. Effect of free radical • Tissue damage resulting from free radical may cause a variety of disorders, including degenerative disorders of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AIDS and aging (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1998 and Mantle et al., 2000).

7. Plant materials • Andrographis paniculata (leaves), • Averrhoa belimbi (fruits), • Eurycoma longifolia (roots), • Dipteris lobbiana (leaves), • Ficus deltoidea (leaves), • Fagrea obovata (roots), • Momordica subanguenta (fruits), • Morinda citrifolia (fruits), • Orthosiphon stamineus (leaves), • Smilax myosotiflora (rhizome)

8. Traditional Uses • Aphrodisiac and energy enhancer Eurycoma longifolia, Smilax myosotiflora, Dipteris lobbiana, Ficus deltoidea and Fagrea obovata • Antidiabetes mellitus Momordica subanguenta, Orthosiphon stamineus, Andrographis paniculata, Averrhoa belimbi and Morinda citrifolia:

9. Eurycoma longifoliaTongkat Ali/Malaysian ginseng • Traditional uses: tonic, poultice for headaches, wounds & ulcers, febrifuge, hepatitis, aphrodisiac

10. Andrographis paniculataHempedu bumi (‘bile of the earth’), akarcerita • Traditional uses: Roots and leaves used against snake bites, decoction of leaves against stomach-ache, dysentery, typhus and bronchitis, as a poultice on swollen legs, vitiligo, piles and antidiabetes

11. Orthosiphon aristatusMisai kucing, kumis kucing, ruku hutan • Traditional uses: diabetes and kidney related diseases, diuretic, regulate blood pressure

12. Morinda citrifolianoni, mengkudu • Traditional Uses: to treat diabetes, haemorrhages and coughs.

13. Objective The research is aimed to study the relationship of traditional usage of medicinal plants and their free radical scavenging activity

14. METHODOLOGY

15. 1. Extraction 50 g of powdered plants were extracted with EtOH:Water (50:50) (500 mL) and freeze dryed 2. Phenolic contents was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (McDonald et al., 2001) 3. Flavonoid contents was determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric method (Siddhuraju and Becker, 2003)

16. 4. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH· ) scavenging a. Spectrophotometric assay X= Absorbance of sample at 517 nm Y= Absorbance of control at 517 nm b. Thin layer chromatography test (yellow spots against purple background)

17. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

18. Table 1. Percentage of soluble materials extracted from the plants

19. Table 2. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of the samples

20. Scavenging activity Ap=Andrographis paniculata, Ab=Averrhoa belimbi, El=Eurycoma longifolia, Dl=Dipteris lobbiana, Fd=Ficus deltoidea, Fo=Fagrea obovata, Mo=Momordica subanguenta, Mc=Morinda citrifolia, Os=Orthosiphon stamineus andSm=Smilax myosotiflora

21. Flavonoid contents and scavenging activity Ap=Andrographis paniculata, Ab=Averrhoa belimbi, El=Eurycoma longifolia, Dl=Dipteris lobbiana, Fd=Ficus deltoidea, Fo=Fagrea obovata, Mo=Momordica subanguenta, Mc=Morinda citrifolia, Os=Orthosiphon stamineus andSm=Smilax myosotiflora, Que= Quercetin

22. F. obovata D. lobbiana F. deltoidea O. aristatus TLC test

23. Conclusion • There is correlation between flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity. • F.obovata, D.lobbiana and O.aristatus exhibited highest free radical scavenging activity.

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