1 / 112

MED 103: Medical Terminology

MED 103: Medical Terminology. Lisa H. Young, RN, BSN, MA Ed. Elements of a Medical Terms. Roots the constant, unchanging foundation of a medical term usually of Greek or Latin origin nearly all medical terms have one or more roots. Elements of a Medical Terms. Combining vowel

ivo
Download Presentation

MED 103: Medical Terminology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. MED 103: Medical Terminology Lisa H. Young, RN, BSN, MA Ed.

  2. Elements of a Medical Terms • Roots • the constant, unchanging foundation of a medical term • usually of Greek or Latin origin • nearly all medical terms have one or more roots

  3. Elements of a Medical Terms • Combining vowel • has no meaning of its own • joins a rootto another root • joins a root to a suffix • makes a word easier to pronounce • “o” is the most common combining vowel, followed by “a”

  4. Elements of a Medical Term • Combining form • combines a rootand a combining vowel • can be attached to another root or combining form • can precede asuffix Example: enter/o

  5. Elements of a Medical Term • Identify the elements of the following word: gynecologist gynec/ -o- -logist rootcombiningsuffix vowel

  6. Greek, Latin, and Old English Words • Some medical terms do not break down (deconstruct) into word elements Examples: • Greek: toxin meaning poison • Latin: medical meaning toheal • Old English: record meaning to remember

  7. Terms That Are Alike • Many words in the medical language are very similar. Examples: • ilium and ileum • malleus and malleolus

  8. Chapter 1 Summary • Elements • prefix, root, combining vowel, combining form, and suffix • Greek, Latin, and Old English Words • Some do not break down • Terms That Are Alike • Look alike/sound alike

  9. Suffixes • Added to the end of a root/combining form • Changes the meaning of medical terms • Use of combining vowel hemat -oma= root + suffix hemat/o -logist = root + combining vowel + suffix

  10. Classification of Suffixes • Diagnostic • Diagnosis, procedure, or test • Surgical • Describes surgical procedures • Pathological • Describes a sign/symptom of a disease

  11. Classification of Suffixes • Adjectives • 28 suffixes mean pertaining to • Nouns • do not fall under any classifications • maintain the root or combining form as a noun

  12. Diagnostic Suffixes • Identify the suffixes of the following words: hematoma hemat/ -oma rootsuffix hematuria hemat/ -uria rootsuffix

  13. Surgical Suffixes • Identify the suffixes of the following word: appendectomy append/ -ectomy rootsuffix lithotripsy lith/o -tripsy combining suffix form

  14. Pathological Suffixes • Identify the suffixes of the following words: cystitis cyst/ -itis rootsuffix cyanosis cyan/ -osis rootsuffix

  15. Adjective Suffixes Suffixes meaning pertaining to: -ac cardiac pertaining to the heart -arypulmonarypertaining to the lungs -iorposteriorpertaining to the back of the body

  16. Noun Suffixes • Identify the suffixes of the following words: arteriole arteri/ -ole rootsuffix venule ven/ -ule rootsuffix

  17. Prefixes • Added to the beginning of a medical term • Change the meaning of medical terms • No use of combining vowel peri-cardium = prefix + root epi-cardium = prefix + root

  18. Position Prefixes • Identify the prefixes of the following words: epidermis epi- dermis prefix root hypodermis hypo dermis prefix root

  19. Number and Measurement Prefixes • Identify the prefixes of the following word: multipara multi- para prefix root Primipara primi- para prefix root

  20. Direction Prefixes • Identify the prefixes of the following word: antevert anti- vert prefix root synapse syn- apse prefix root

  21. Element Review • Identify the prefixes and suffixes of the following word: hypogastric hypo- / gastr / -ic prefixrootsuffix

  22. Chapter 2 Summary • Suffixes and Prefixes • Change the meaning of medical terms • Suffix • Added to the end of a root/combining form • Use of combining vowel • Prefix • Added to the beginning of a medical term

  23. Decoding Terms • CARD Method • Check for the word parts in a term • Assign meanings to the word parts • Reverse the meaning of the suffix to the front of the definition • Define the term

  24. Word Analysis, Definition & Pronounciation • Analyze the following term: endocarditis 1. suffix — itis meaning inflammation 2. prefix endo— meaning inside 3. root cardmeaning heart 4. put the terms together—inflammation of the inside of the heart

  25. Building Terms • Spelling Rules • If the suffix starts with a vowel, a combining vowel is NOT needed to join the parts arthr/o itis = arthritis • If the suffix starts with a consonant, a combining vowel IS needed to join the two word parts arthr/o + plasty = arthroplasty

  26. Building Terms • If a combining form ends with the same vowel that begins a suffix, one of the vowels is dropped Endo- + cardi/o + itis = Endocarditis • If two or more combining forms are used in a term, the combining form is retained Gastr/o + enter/0 + itis = Gastroenteritis

  27. Building Terms • When two or more combining forms are used to make a medical term, special notice must be paid to the order in which the combining forms are joined Esophag/0 + gastr/o + duoden/o + scopy = Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (joining the CF reflects the direction in which the scope travels through the body)

  28. Plurals • Singular / Plural Rules • Ends in –a add –ae vertebraae • Ends in -is add –esarthrosises • Ends in –ix or –ex add –ices appendixices • Ends in –itis add –itidesarthritisitides • Ends in –nx add –ngesphalanxnges • Ends in –um add an –a endocardiumia • Ends in –us add an –I digitusi • Ends in –y add –iesthearpyies

  29. Chapter 3 Summary • Word Analysis and Definition • break it down into its component elements • Plurals and Pronunciations • memorize the plurals of medical terms • correct pronunciation is vital • Precision in Communication http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connectweb/login/?&node=connectdr_3

  30. Composition of the Body • The body is composed of: - organs - tissues - cells - organelles - molecules • atoms

  31. Structure and Functions of Cells • Basic Functions of Life - manufacture - production -communication - replication -reproduction

  32. Nucleus

  33. Tissues • Primary Tissue Groups - connective - epithelial - muscle - nervous

  34. Organs & Organ Systems • Integumentary • Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glandis • Skeletal • Bones, ligaments, cartilages, tendons • Muscular • Muscles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSqwRkDLyH4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBLm7rK05Yc

  35. Organs and Organ Systems • Nervous • Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organ • Endocrine • Glands that secrete hormones: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal, thymus • Cardiovascular • Heart, blood vessels

  36. Organs and Organ Systems • Lymphatic • Lymph vessels and nodes, thymus spleen • Digestive • Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines • Respiratory • Control intake and output of air, exchange gases between air and blood

  37. Organs and Organ Systems • Urinary • Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra • Reproductive • Male: scrotum, testes, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, blubourethral glands, urethra, penis • Female: ovaries, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva

  38. Prefixes for Body Organization ana- up, apart, away cata- down en- in endo- within epi- above, upon meta- beyond, change para- neat, beside, abnormal

  39. Suffixes for Body Organizations ai, -ouspertaining to -ia, -ism condition, state of -on structure -plasmformation -some body -stasis controlling, stopping -um structure, thing, membrane -us structure

  40. Anatomical Positions, Planes, and Directions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuV-2WKZmSM

  41. Anatomical Planes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBAwxZ_yxnE

  42. Positional & Directional Terms • Anteroposterior (AP) & Posteroanterior (PA) • Anterior & ventral to the front/belly side • Posterior & dorsal back of body/back • Superior & Cephaladupward/toward head • Inferior & Caudaddownward/toward tail • Medial pertaining to the middle • Lateral pertaining to the side • Ipsilateral pertaining to same side

  43. Position & Directional Terms • Contralateral pertaining to the opposite side • Unilateral pertaining to one side • Bilateral pertaining to two sides • Superficial on the surface of the body • Deep away from the surface of the body • Proximal near the origin • Distal far from the origin • Dextradtoward the right

  44. Position & Directional Terms • Sinistradtoward the left • Afferent carrying toward a structure • Efferent carrying away from structure • Supine lying on back • Prone lying on stomach

  45. Body Cavities

  46. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeFoxTi02yg

  47. Chapter 4 Summary • Organization of the Body • All the elements interact with each other • Anatomical Position, Planes, and Directions • Describe the location of anatomical structures

  48. Digestive System • Alimentary Canal Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine • Accessory Organs Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

  49. Functions of the Digestive System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1h2VW8USCAA

  50. Prefixes of the Digestive System • Prefixes for the Digestive System • Endo- within • Exo- outside • Hypo- below • Par- near • Peri- surrounding • Retro- behind • Sub- under

More Related