The Great Wall of China

1. The Great Wall of China Alexis Cabrera, Katie Mills, and Kaitlyn Ligman Period 3

2. History “Great Wall of China” • The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago • It was built by Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China • It was built during the Qin Dynasty which ranged from 221 B.C. to 206 B.C.

3. It was built in the 7th century B.C. when China was still divided into many small states • After the unification of China in 221 B.C., Qin Shi Huangdi linked the walls of the three states in the north and formed the first "Wan Li Chang Cheng"

4. History • Since the Great Wall was rebuilt, modified and extended throughout Chinese history for over 2,000 years. • Most of the Great Wall we see today was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). • In some areas, two walls built in two different dynasties can be seen running side by side.

5. Why? • The Great Wall of China was built as a protection for defense. • The Great Wall of China was never acctually used to withstand an attack • Because of the weakness and coruption of the goverment allowed invaders to threaten Bejing instead.

6. Facts • The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles) • It ranges from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west • Although recent archaeological survey points out that the entire Great Wall, with all of its branches, stretches for 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 mi) • It covers over 8 provinces

7. Facts Continued • At its peak, the Ming Wall was guarded by more than one million men. • It has been estimated that somewhere around • 2 to 3 million people • died in the centuries • project of building the • wall. There bodies • remain buried in the • wall. Slaves, soilders, • prisoners, and civilians all • helped build the wall.

8. What? • The wall was built out of stamping earth and gravel between board frames • Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains • This is what the Qin Dynasty walls were made out of

9. What? Continued • During the Ming Dynasty they used bricks and stones instead of rammed Earth • They also used things such as tiles, lime, and stone. • The size and weight of the bricks made them easier to work with, so construction quickened • Bricks could also hold more weight

10. Watchtowers • Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility. • Communication between the army units were used in the towers to signal enemy movement

11. Condition • Parts where tourism occurs has been rebuilt or preserved • Whereas some parts have disinagreated • Those parts might serve as a village playground or a source of stones to rebuild houses and roads • Also, some parts have been graffitied and vandalized

12. Condition in Gansu Province • Over 60km of the wall in the Gansu Province will disapear in the next 20 years • This will be due to sandstorms and erosion • Many of sections on the western side have desenigrated because it was built of mud not brick

13. Other Walls • China is not the only country who has built a wall along its boundary • Athens, the Roman Empire, Denmark and Korea all built a wall • The Hadrian's Wall in northern England, was built "to separate the Romans from the barbarians”

14. Visibility From Space • The wall is not visible from the moon • It is semi visible from low earth orbit • NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions can you see it not with the naked eye

15. Notable Areas • There are three sections in Bejing that are visited by tourist today • The North Pass-used to defend China’s capital. 7.8 meters high and 5 meters wide • West Pass- near western edges • South East Pass-which winds along mountains, which connects with these other passes.

16. Another Notable Section • On the Eastern side • The first pass of the Great Wall was built on the Shanhaiguan, the first mountain the Great Wall climbs • Jia Shan is also here which is the only portion of the wall that was built a bridge

17. Its Importants to the People • The Great Wall is the most famous Chinese landmark • It shows the peoples culture and heritage • It has important cultural and historical symbols • The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.

18. Activities • People will usually visit in the summer or the fall to see the unique structure • Badaling, Mutianyu, and Simatai are the most popular spots on the Great Wall of China tour • Great Wall Museum you may also see here

20. Great Wall of China Video • Link : http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/discovery-atlas-china-revealed-the-great-wall.html

21. Sources • www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Allabout.html • http://web.bvu.edu/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=700 • http://www.hadrians-wall-bed-and-breakfast.co.uk/ • http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/en/goc/goc-1.htm • http://www.tourchina.cn/culture/chinaviewold.htm • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Map.html • http://www.destination360.com/asia/china/great-wall-of-china.php • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China • http://www.greatwall-of-china.com/ • http://ppj-web-3.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA01838.jpg • http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/ • http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au/article/mud_bricks • http://www.chinatour.com/attraction/qinhuangdao.htm • http://www.asia2america.com/images/gansu_province.gif