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Towards Characterizing and Classifying Communication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspectiv

Towards Characterizing and Classifying Communication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspective. Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan Tamer Elbatt, Gavin Holland

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Towards Characterizing and Classifying Communication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspectiv

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  1. Towards Characterizing and ClassifyingCommunication-based Automotive Applicationsfrom a Wireless Networking Perspective Fan Bai, Hariharan Krishnan, Varsha Sadekar General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan Tamer Elbatt, Gavin Holland HRL Laboratories, Malibu, California Modified and presented by Jihyuk Choi

  2. Outline • Introduction • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications

  3. What is a VANET ? • Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks • Individual nodes different from traditional wireless nodes • No power constraint • Nodes mostly mobile • Extends existing infrastructure Vehicle-Vehicle Communication Vehicle-Infrastructure Communication

  4. A modern vehicle is a computer on wheels (GPS) - Human-Machine Interface - Navigation system • Processing power: comparable with a Personal Computer + a few dozens of specialized processors • Communication: typically over a dedicated channel:Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) • In the US, 75 MHz at 5.9 GHz; • In Europe, 20 MHz requested but not yet allocated) • Envisioned protocol: IEEE 802.11p • Penetration will be progressive (over 2 decades or so)

  5. Safety applications: SVA (Stopped or Slow VehicleAdvisor)

  6. Safety Applications • PCN: V2V Post Crash Notification • EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Light • RHCN: Road Hazard Condition Notification • RFN: Road Feature Notification • CCW: Cooperative Collision Warning • CVW: Cooperative Violation Warning

  7. Convenance Applications: CRN (Congested Road Notification)

  8. Convenance Applications • TP: Traffic Probe • TOLL: Free Flow Tolling • PAN: Parking Availability Notification • PSL: Parking Spot Locator

  9. Commercial Applications • RVP/D: Remote Vehicle Personalization/Diagnostics • SA: Service Announcements • CMDD: Content, Map or Database Download • RTVR: Real-Time Video Relay

  10. Outline • Introduction • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications

  11. Motivation of the Paper • Objective: Categorization of communication-based automotive applications • From both application characteristic perspective and networking perspective • This effort helps bring the gap between the networking research society (focused on technology development) and the automotive research society (focused on application development) • Specifically, we are interested in • The representative communication-based automotive applications • The key application characteristics and networking attributes • The categorization of applications from a network design standpoint • The major performance metrics

  12. Safety V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (1) • From an application benefit viewpoint, V2V/V2I applications can be classified as • Safety Applications • Convenience Applications • Commercial Applications

  13. Convenience Commercial V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications (2) • among those listed, safety-oriented applications are of special interest because they are expected to significantly reduce the fatalities and economic losses caused by traffic accidents

  14. Outline • General Motors V2V/V2I Technology Development • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications

  15. Classification Criteria: Application Characteristics • Application Characteristics • describe properties directly related to the applications themselves

  16. Classification Criteria: Network Attributes • Networking Attributes • characterize the fundamental aspects of network design for communication-based automotive applications

  17. Application Characteristic Characterization Applications exhibit commonalities!

  18. Network Attribute Characterization

  19. Short Message Communications Content Download/Steaming Unicast Broadcast Unicast File Video Event - Periodic On - demand Financial Non driven Download Streaming Financial Application Classification (1) Application Benefit Perspective Networking Attributes Perspective 1. Safety - SVA, EEBL, PCN, RHCN, RFN, CCW, CVW 2. Convenience - CRN, TP, TOLL, PAN, PSL 3. Commercial - RVP/D, SA, GMDD, RTVR

  20. Application Classification (2) • Group applications into 7 generic classes: • Accommodate the applications of interest SVA: Stopped or Slow VehicleAdvisor EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Light PCN: V2V Post Crash Notification RHCN: Road Hazard Condition Notification RFN: Road Feature Notification TP: Traffic Probe PAN: Parking Availability Notification PSL: Parking Spot Locator - Only (7 generic classes) application models - Individual applications are simple extensions from the generic models

  21. Outline • General Motors V2V/V2I Technology Development • V2V/V2I Communication-based Automotive Applications • V2V/V2I Application Characterization and Classification • Performance Metrics for V2V/V2I Applications

  22. Performance Metrics for Communication-based Automotive Applications • We mainly concentrate on safety applications, since they are the initial focus of automotive industry • Necessity to introduce novel application-level metrics to accurately capture performance trends of safety applications

  23. Performance Metrics for Safety Applications (1) • Reliability Metrics • (Network-level) Packet Success Probability ( Pnet(d)) • Defined as the percentage of packets successfully received from broadcasting vehicle(s) at distance d away from the receiving vehicle • (Application-level) T-window Reliability Metric ( Papp(d) ) • Defined as the probability of successfully receiving at least one packet broadcasted by the transmitter at distance d within a given “application tolerance window” T • Application- vs. Network-level Reliability • Where,T: Application Tolerance Window • t: Application Broadcast Interval SVA Application

  24. Performance Metrics for Safety Applications (2) • Latency Metrics • (Network-level) Average Per-packet Latency (Δτ) (only for successfully received packets) • Defined as the time elapsed between generating a packet at the application of the sender and successfully receiving that packet at the application of the receiver • (Application-level) Time-to-Successful Reception (ΔT) • Defined as the duration between the time when a broadcast packet is generated at application layer of transmitting vehicle and the time at which the first successful packet is received by the application layer of receiving vehicle • Application- vs. Network-level Latency SVA Application • Where, t: Application Broadcast Interval • Pnet: Network-level reliability

  25. Contributions of the Paper • Investigate the application characteristics and network attributes, in order to better understand the behavior of communication-based automotive applications • Group a large number of applications, with similar properties, to the same “generic” class • Develop a few types of application models for the identified “generic” classes in our vehicular network simulator • Develop a network protocol stack for each class of applications, to maximize reusability of common protocols modules • Identify common QoS requirements and performance metrics for the identified application classes

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