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Computer Basics Review: Hardware, Software, and Functions

This test will cover computer basics, including hardware components, software types, and the four functions of a computer. Learn about input, processing, output, and storage, as well as the main components inside a computer. Discover why computers are powerful and how they execute instructions.

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Computer Basics Review: Hardware, Software, and Functions

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  1. Test on Tuesday 5/3 Today’s Agenda: Computer Basics Review • Hardware: The physical components of a computer,any internal or external computer part that you can touch. • Software: programs or other "instructions" that a computer needs to perform specific tasks. (Ex. word processors, web browsers, video games, spreadsheets, operating systems.) • Computer- is an electronic device that processes data and converts it into information that people can use. • Information- data that is organized, meaningful, and useful manner.

  2. Computer Hardware Some examples of hardware: flash drive head phones keyboard monitor Microphone RAM memory mouse printer scanner Speakers Hard disk Video card

  3. COMPUTER SOFTWARE • What is “software?” • Software: programs or other "instructions" that a computer needs to perform specific tasks. (Ex. word processors, web browsers, video games, spreadsheets, operating systems.) • What are the major types of software? • Application Software: software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks, ex. MS Word • Operating System (OS): the programming that makes your computer boot up and run its most basic functions, ex. Windows 7 or Snow Leopard • Utility Software: used to perform various tasks like backing up files, or scanning for viruses, ex. NortonProgramming Software: used to write computer programs, ex. Scratch, Java

  4. What are the MAIN COMPONENTS INSIDE a COMPUTER? • CPU • Hard Disk • RAM • Motherboard • Optical Drive • Power Supply • Video Card

  5. What Does A Computer Do? Computers can perform four functions, which comprise the information processing cycle. Input – data is put into the computer Process – data is manipulated Output – data is provided to user Storage – data is stored

  6. Input – enter data or information How do we “input” (put in) information into a computer?

  7. OUTPUT – Computers put out data "View" Processed Data How do computers output (display) data?

  8. STORE – Computers store data (information) Where do computers store information?

  9. PROCESS – Computers manipulate data (information) How do computers process information? CPU

  10. What devices are part of a computer system? Monitor (output) Speaker (output) System unit (processor, memory…) Printer (output) Storage devices (CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…) Mouse (input) Scanner (input) Keyboard (input)

  11. Why Is A Computer So Powerful? • The ability to perform the information processing cycle with amazing speed. • Reliability (low failure rate). • Accuracy • Ability to store huge amounts of data and information. • Ability to communicate with other computers.

  12. How Does a Computer Know what to do? • It must be given a detailed list of instructions, called a computer program or software, that tells it exactly what to do. • Before processing a specific job, the computer program corresponding to that job must be stored in memory. • Once the program is stored in memory the compute can start the operation by executing the program instructions one after the other.

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