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Smallest unit of life

Smallest unit of life. Group of similar cells.

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Smallest unit of life

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  1. Smallest unit of life Group of similar cells Cell– the smallest unit of structure and function in the human body.Tissue – a group of similar cells that work together to perform the same function.Organ – a group of two or more different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.Organ Systems – a group of two or more organs that work together to perform a specific function. A group of two or more different tissues. A group of two or more organs.

  2. Contract (shorten) and extend (get long) Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Muscle tissue: contracts and shortens; makes body parts move; three types:smooth (stomach), cardiac (heart), skeletal (bones). Nerve tissue:carries messages back and forth from the brain to the body. Connective tissue:connects all parts of the body and provides support; three types: blood (platelets, plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells), fat, and bone. Epithelial tissue:covers surfaces of the body,inside and outside. Carry messages Bone Blood Fat Connects parts of body Bone Fat Blood Covers body inside and out skin

  3. Integumentary System:covers body, prevents water loss, produces vitamin D, controls body temperature, gets rid of waste, and receives information from the environment. Skin

  4. Muscular System: made up of muscles that work in pairs to move the arms and legs, move food through the digestive system, and pump blood through the heart. Cardiac Muscle: involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. Smooth Muscle: involuntary muscle that controls many types of movement within the body (such as digestion) Skeletal Muscle: voluntary muscle attached to bone that and provide the force needed to move the bones. Tendons: connect the skeletal muscles to the bones. Provide movement muscles Involuntary Found in heart Involuntary Found in stomach and intestines Voluntary Found on top of bones Attach skeletal muscle to bone Tendon-Muscle-Bone (TMB)

  5. Skeletal System: provides support for the body; protects internal organs; provides attachment sites for muscles. Bones: provide shape and support for the body; protect organs; produce blood cells; stores minerals. Ligaments: attach bone to bone. Joint: the place where two or more bones meet. Provide support Protect internal organs Provide attachment site for muscles Bones Provide shape and support Protect organs Produce blood Store minerals Attach bone to bone Ligament-Bone-Bone (LBB) Where two or more bones meet

  6. Nervous System: receive stimuli from inside and outside the body, interprets the stimuli, and initiate responses for survival. Brain: organ of the central nervous system; has three distinct parts that serve to control and coordinate the bodies activities. Cerebrum:largest part of brain; controls thoughts, voluntary actions, and sensations related to the five senses. Cerebellum: part of the brain that controls balance and coordination; sits underneath the cerebrum. Brainstem: part of the brain that controls involuntary actions like breathing, heart beat, and digestion. Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves Nervous System 3 parts (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) Nervous System Thoughts Five Sensations Voluntary Actions Nervous System Balance and coordination Nervous System Involuntary Actions (heartbeat, breathing)

  7. Spinal Cord: A bundle of nerves that begins at the brain stem and continues down the center of the back through the vertebrae. It connects with the peripheral nerves. Peripheral Nerves:A network of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and connect to the rest of the body transmits signals to and from the brain through the spinal cord. Nervous System Bundle of nerves Begins at brainstem Runs down center of back thru vertebrae Connects to peripheral nerves Sends message from peripheral nerve to brain Nervous System Network of nerves Branch off spinal cord Sends messages to spinal cord

  8. Circulatory System:a closed system where blood carries nutrients, wastes, and gases to all parts of the body. White blood cells in this system help to fight infection in the body. Heart: pumps blood without oxygen to the lungs and blood with oxygen to the body. Arteries:blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Veins: blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Capillaries: small blood vessels that branch off from arteries and veins; place where the exchange of materials (gases, nutrients) occurs. Blood carries nutrients, wastes, and gases. White blood cells fight infection. Circulatory System Pumps blood. Circulatory System Carries blood away from the heart. Circulatory System Carries blood to the heart. Circulatory System Place where gases and nutrients are exchanged.

  9. Excretory System: filters out excess cellular waste, toxins, water, and nutrients; rid the body of liquid waste. Kidneys: remove urea, excess water, and waste from the blood that are passed in urine. Ureters: tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Bladder: sac-like muscular organ that stores urine until it is ready to be eliminated from the body. Urethra: tube through which urine exits the body. Filters the blood Cleans waste from blood Kidneys Ureter Bladder Urethra Removes excess water and waste Excretory System Connects kidney to bladder Excretory System Stores urine. Excretory System Urine exit Excretory System

  10. Gas exchange between blood and atmosphere Nose Trachea Bronchi Lungs Diaphragm Respiratory System: allows gas exchange between the blood and the atmosphere; oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given off. Nose: moistens and warms air that is taken in from the environment. Trachea: also called the windpipe; moves air from the nose to the lungs. Bronchi: tubes that move air from the trachea into the lungs. One tube leads into each lung. Lungs: take oxygen in and give to the blood cells; take carbon dioxide from the blood cells and release into the atmosphere. Alveoli: air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Diaphragm: dome-shaped muscle that makes the lungs expand and contract. Warms and moistens air Respiratory System Carries air to bronchi in the lungs windpipe Respiratory System Tubes that carry air into lungs Respiratory System Take oxygen in; release carbon dioxide out Respiratory System Air sacs Respiratory System Causes lungs to expand and contract Dome-shaped muscle Respiratory System

  11. Breaks down food Absorbs Nutrients Get rid of solid waste Digestive System:breaks down food, absorb its nutrients, and rids the body of solid waste. Mouth: food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth (mechanical digestion) and saliva (chemical digestion). Esophagus: muscular tube that passes food from the mouth to the stomach. Stomach: muscular organ that churns food (mechanical digestion) and produces gastric juices (chemical digestion) that continue to break food into smaller pieces. Small intestine: main place of chemical digestion; absorbs nutrients from food. Large intestine: removes water from food and returns it to the bloodstream. Chews food (mechanical digestion) Coats food with saliva (chemical digestion) Digestive System Muscular Tube Connects mouth to stomach Digestive System Muscular Organ Churns food (mechanical digestion) Secretes gastric juices (chemical digestion) Digestive System Absorbs nutrients Main place of chemical digestion Digestive System Removes water Digestive System

  12. Rectum: muscular tube that holds solid waste until it is ready to be eliminated from the body. Anus: hole through which solid waste exits the body. Liver: produces bile that helps break down fat particles. Gall Bladder: stores bile made by the liver. Pancreas: releases enzymes that help break down food further. Muscular tube Stores solid waste Digestive System Solid waste exit Digestive System Makes bile Digestive System Stores bile Digestive System Releases enzymes Digestive System

  13. Disease: a condition that does not allow the body to function normally. Infectious disease: a disease caused by a pathogen that can be spread from one organism to another organism. Pathogen: an organism that causes infectious diseases. Cold: an infectious disease caused by a virus that affects the respiratory system. Sickness Illness Body not working properly Caused by a pathogen Contagious Can spread from one organism to another Organism that causes disease Bacteria Virus Protist fungus Infectious disease Affects Respiratory System Caused by a virus

  14. Influenza: an infectious disease caused by a highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory system. Athlete’s foot: an infectious disease caused by a fungus that affects the integumentary system. Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome : an infectious disease caused by HIV that affects the immune system. Human ImmunoDeficiency Virus : the pathogen that causes AIDS. Strep throat: an infectious disease caused by a bacteria that affects the respiratory system. Tetanus: an infectious disease caused by a bacteria. Pneumonia: an infectious disease caused by a bacteria or a virus. Malaria: an infectious disease caused by a protist. Infectious disease Caused by a virus Affects Respiratory System Infectious disease Caused by a fungus Affects Integumentary System Infectious disease Caused by HIV virus Affects Immune System Pathogen Causes AID’s disease Infectious disease Caused by a bacteria Affects Respiratory System Infectious disease Caused by a bacteria Infectious disease Caused by a bacteria or a virus Infectious disease Caused by a protist

  15. Not caused by a pathogen Can not be spread Disease starts in the body Noninfectious disease: a disease that is not caused by a pathogen and can not be spread from one organism to another organism. The disease starts in the body. Diabetes: a noninfectious disease that results in abnormal blood glucose levels that can affect the digestive, nervous, excretory, and circulatory systems.Parkinson’s disease: a noninfectious disease that damages or destroys nerve cells in the brain and affects the nervous system.Skin cancer: a noninfectious disease that affects the outer layers of skin and affects the integumentary system. Asthma: a noninfectious disease that affects the lungs and airways that deliver air to the lungs; affects the respiratory system. Allergies: a noninfectious disease that affects the immune system. Heart Disease: a noninfectious disease that affects the circulatory system. Arthritis: a noninfectious disease that affects the joints of the skeletal system. Multiple Sclerosis: a noninfectious disease that affects the nervous system. Noninfectious disease Abnormal blood glucose level Affects digestive system Noninfectious disease Affects Nervous System Noninfectious disease Affects Integumentary System Noninfectious disease Affects Respiratory System Noninfectious disease Affects Immune System Noninfectious disease Affects Circulatory System Noninfectious disease Affects Skeletal System Noninfectious disease Affects Nervous System

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