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KEY CONCEPT Protein Synthesis is the process of assembling amino acids to make proteins. DNA carries the “code of life”. The code is carried by the order of the N bases 3 DNA N-bases is called a triplet Transcription converts these triplets into codons on the mRNA
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KEY CONCEPT Protein Synthesis is the process of assembling amino acids to make proteins.
DNA carries the “code of life” • The code is carried by the order of the N bases • 3 DNA N-bases is called a triplet • Transcription converts these triplets into codons on the mRNA • Translation converts mRNA codons into a string of amino acids using tRNAs.
codon for methionine (Met) codon for leucine (Leu) Codons • Each codon represents one amino acid. Segment of DNA:
The genetic code matches each RNA codon with its amino acid or function. See page 244 in your textbook: • Methionine is the only start code • There are 3 stop codons • All living things have the same codons/amino acids.
Protein Synthesis • Transcription DNA makes mRNA which carries the code for one protein. • mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome in the cytoplasm • Translation tRNA “translates” the code on the mRNA by bringing the correct amino acid to the right spot on the mRNA.
tRNA’s carry only 1 type of amino acid • An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
tRNA bonds to a start codon and signals the ribosome to assemble. • tRNAs bring amino acids to the mRNA and drop them off
tRNAs leave to find other amino acids. • tRNAs continue to drop off amino acids until they reach the stop codon; then the ribosome releases the protein.