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Introduction to Tissues: Types and Functions

This text provides an overview of tissues, including the four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. It focuses on epithelial tissue, its structure, functions, and special properties. Additionally, it covers the classification of epithelium based on cell layers and shapes, as well as glandular epithelium and exocrine glands.

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Introduction to Tissues: Types and Functions

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  1. Warm-Up • What is a tissue? • The study of tissues is called ______. • What are the 4 main types of tissues? (See the intro to Chapter 4 in textbook)

  2. Warm-Up What type of epithelial cell is shown below? 1. 2. Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 3. 4. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  3. Chapter 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric

  4. Tissue: group of cells that are similar in structure and function • Histology: study of tissues Types of Tissues: • Epithelium (covering) • Connective (support) • Muscle (movement) • Nervous (control)

  5. Preparing tissues for microscopy • Specimen is fixed (preserved) • Cut into thin sections (slices) • Stained with colored dyes

  6. Part I: Epithelial Tissue

  7. Epithelial Tissue • “epithe” = laid on, covering • Structure: • Covering and lining epithelium • Glandular epithelium • Function: • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Secretion

  8. Special Properties • Polarity • Apical surface = exposed free surface or edge (some with microvilli, cilia) • Basal surface = lower, attached surface • Specialized contacts • Fits close together to form continuous sheets

  9. Special Properties • Supported by connective tissue • Rests on basement membrane • No blood supply (avascular) • Rely on diffusion and underlying connective tissue for food/O2 • Regeneration – Replace lost cells

  10. Classification • Two names = (# cell layers) + (shape of cells) • Cell Layers: simple or stratified • Shapes: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

  11. Simple Epithelium • Absorption, secretion, filtration • Very thin

  12. Simple Epithelium

  13. Simple Epithelium • Simple squamous • Filtration, rapid diffusion • Capillary walls, air sacs in lungs, kidney filtration • Serous membranes: slick layer lining ventral body cavity and its organs

  14. Simple Epithelium • Simple cuboidal • Secretion & absorption • Lines ducts of glands (salivary), kidney tubules, ovary surface

  15. Simple Epithelium • Simple columnar • Absorption and secretion • Lines digestive tract • Microvilli, cilia • Mucous membranes: lubricating mucus

  16. Simple Epithelium • Pseudostratified columnar • Rests on basement membrane – false impression (pseudo) of being multi-layered • Secretes or absorbs • Respiratory tract – cilia propels mucus from lungs

  17. Stratified Epithelium • 2+ layers, more durable • Main function = protect

  18. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified squamous • Withstand abuse, friction • Esophagus, mouth, outer portion of skin

  19. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified cuboidal • Usually 2 layers • Mainly in ducts of large glands (sweat, mammary, salivary) Sweat Gland Esophageal Gland

  20. Stratified Epithelium • Stratified columnar • Thick, waterproof layer • Pharynx, male urethra, lining ducts

  21. Transitional Epithelium • Able to change shape (cuboidal  squamous) • Lining of hollow urinary organs (bladder, ureter, urethra) • Stretches when filled with urine

  22. Glandular Epithelium • Gland: make and secrete a particular product • 2 Types: • Endocrine gland: produce hormones secreted into tissue fluid or bloodstream • Exocrine gland: secrete products into ducts  onto body surfaces or body cavities • Eg. mucous, sweat, oil, saliva, bile

  23. Exocrine Glands Unicellular Multicellular • Mucus cells or goblet cells • Duct structure

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