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Reading: DRAGON MARKINGS

The Dragon Markings method helps readers pay attention to and interpret text by guiding them through three reading stages and teaching them effective marking techniques.

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Reading: DRAGON MARKINGS

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  1. Reading: DRAGON MARKINGS • Every time you read, you will be expected to MARK YOUR TEXT!! • Why? It helps you pay attention to and interpret what you read!! 1st time reading: (1) Number paragraphs 2nd time reading: Circle key terms and essential words 3rd time reading: Underline/Highlight author’s claims and information relevant to reading

  2. Unit 3 Learning Goal 1: Europe- Split and Rebuilding: Explain how Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying social and political forces in Western Europe and Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas contained in Justinian’s Code of Laws. (TEKS/SE’s 1C,4A,4B,20B)

  3. Reading: The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire 1. After the Roman Empire split into two sections, the Eastern Roman Empire was renamed the ______ 2. This empire reached its largest size under _____ 3. What is this emperor best known for? 4. What were the crusades? 5. What marked the end of the Byzantine Empire?

  4. I CAN…… • Identify the major causes and effects of the spread of Christianity and the decline of Rome • Describe the development of Christianity as a unifying social and political factor in medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire • Identify the characteristics of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy in Post Classical Europe? • Explain how religion influenced the formation of Medieval Europe?

  5. Christianity Splits-the Byzantine Empire Unit 3 Learning Goal 1

  6. Reading: The Church’s Power Grows 1. What are priests? 2. What are bishops? 3. Name the 5 cities of the most powerful men in the Roman Catholic Church. 4. Who became pope and what does pope mean? 5. What happened during Gregory I papacy? 6. What did church leaders do when a non religious ruler was in power?

  7. Identifying Question:How was the development of Christianity was a unifying social and political Factor in the Byzantine Empire? (Explain)

  8. Spread of Christianity Causes • PaxRomanaoffered peaceful period for Christian missionaries to travel throughout the Roman Empire • Missionaries were able to speak to large crowds in the urban areas of the Roman Empire where Greek was commonly spoken • Christianity offered more personal relationship with God than mythology, was attractive to all classes, argued for equality of believers

  9. Spread of Christianity • Pagan traditions were incorporated into Christian traditions aiding in cultural unification of Europe • Germanic tribes converted to Christianity and spread the religion in areas of northernEurope when they conquered

  10. Spread of Christianity Effects • Christianity served to cultural unify a politically and linguistically decentralized Europe • Roman Catholic Church became a powerful political force and amassed wealth in landholdings • Christian monks preserved classical and Biblical works and were scribes of the period • Cathedrals were built throughout Europe and still stand as testament to the power of the Roman Catholic Church

  11. Spread of Christianity

  12. Decline of Rome and the formation of medieval Europe Causes • Decline of Rome caused by political upheaval, civil wars, plague, empire too large to manage, bloated bureaucracy, inflation, failure to advance technologically, barbarian (Germanic tribes) invasions • Franks emerged as the dominate Germanic tribe and for a time worked to reconstitute the Roman Empire under the rule ofCharlemagne • Christianity was the only institution to survive the fall of Rome and served to unite Germanic tribes after Clovis’ conversion

  13. Decline of Roman Empire

  14. Decline of Rome, Charlemagne, Christianity

  15. Decline of Rome and the formation of medieval Europe Effects • With no Roman army for protection system of feudalism developed and trade was disrupted • Christianity culturally united Europe • Christian Church became a powerful social, political and cultural force • Economically manorialismserved to meet basic needs of people, lack of trade was characteristic for a time

  16. Christianity as a Unifying Force in Medieval Europe • Conversion of Frankish kingdoms to Christianity (Clovis) led to a mass conversion of the people and support from the Roman Catholic Church • Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler. He was also the first Catholic king to rule over Gaul (France)

  17. Christianity as a Unifying Force in Medieval Europe • Crowning of Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor and organization of Germanic Christian parishes helped priests to further strengthen the Catholic Church’s political power • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) united the Franks and expanded the kingdom. On Christmas Day in 800 was crowned Holy Roman Emperor. His empire blended Germanic, Christian and Roman elements.

  18. Christianity as a Unifying Force in Medieval Europe • Expansion of monasteries and convents provide educational communities • Strong belief in the sacraments made the Church a focal point for social gatherings Use of Latin in religious setting created some linguistic unity

  19. How did religion influence the formation of Medieval Europe? • Christianity was the lone institution to survive the fall of the RomanEmpire. • When Frankish kings converted to Christianity and turned to the Pope as their protector, Christianity unified Medieval Europe culturally and the Pope gained great political influence.

  20. The Church dominated everyone’s life in Medieval Europe. • The Peasants fully believed in God, Heaven, and Hell. They thought that the only way they could get into heaven was if the Roman Catholic Church let them. • Basically, the church had everyone wrapped around their finger.

  21. The Byzantine Empire 523 A.D. – 1453 A.D. • The Roman Empire fell and became the east and west. • The east became the Byzantine Empire.

  22. Constantinople (named after Constantine):Became the Capital of the Empire. (W.W.S) • W = Water- the capital is surrounded by water (good for defense) • W = Walls-They built 13 miles of walls around the city • S = Shipping- The Bosphorus strait connects the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. – Great for trading goods between Europe and Asia

  23. Justinian:Most ambitious leaders of Constantinople Justinian had three main goals in mind: 1. Restore the RomanEmpire to its previous height. 2. Establish buildingprograms to improve conquered cities. 3. Streamline government by creating a codex of laws.- Justinian’s Code of Laws

  24. Theodora • Theodora-his wife • Considered his legal equal “his back bone” • She encouraged Justinian to stop rioting enemies. The army killed 30,000!

  25. Hagia Sophia Church • Byzantine emperors were head of the church and the govt. (Not in Rome) • Created the Hagia Sophia Church • Christianity spreads!!!

  26. Identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in Justinian's code Justinian as emperor in eastern Rome tried to unify the Roman Empire between 527 and 565 A.D. He composed the most famous list of Roman laws. His code reduced confusion over laws and provided organization within the Empire. Called the Body of Civil Laws, the code was the clearest and most comprehensive which existed up to that time. It spread Roman legal principles beyond the Empire.

  27. Christianity Splits Into Roman Catholic (west) and Orthodox Christian (east)

  28. Roman Catholicism- West • Roman Catholic Church’s hierarchy was based on Roman Imperial structure with Pope • being the head of the Church. • Popes roles included: • appointing some bishops • regulated doctrine • sponsored missionary activity • Monasteries had both spiritual functions and secular functions (the state of being separate from religion). • Monks served as examples of holy life, improved cultivation techniques, stressed productive work, and preserved the heritage of Greco-Roman culture

  29. Roman Catholicism - West: • Rome was established as the capital of the Roman Catholic Church • Latin was the language used in Catholic mass • Priests could not marry and vowed life of celibacy

  30. Christianityas a Unifying Force in Byzantine Empire: • Eastern Orthodox Christian • Church was headed by the • Byzantine Patriarch, so religious • and political unity was structural( had structure-Separate from each other.) • Use of the Greek language • created linguistic unification • among its followers.

  31. Eastern Orthodoxy • Eastern Orthodox Church was led by the Patriarch (archbishop of Constantinople) • He was appointed by the Byzantine Emperor, effectively making the Emperor both the head of the state and the church. This resulted in political centralization. • Developed a monastic tradition with monks and nuns forming religious communities

  32. Eastern Orthodoxy • Constantinople became the capital of the Byzantine Empire and the Eastern Orthodox Church. • Priests could marry and were generally unshaven. • Local languages could be used in church services.

  33. Orthodox vs. Catholic—the early years Orthodox Priests can marry Emperor ruled Don’t follow the pope Constantinople is the most important city Easter is the most important holiday Catholic Priests can’t marry Pope is in charge Rome is the most important city Christmas is the most important holiday

  34. Short Video on Byzantine Empire http://google.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/82EF78DE-CB32-451A-93CA-957435E52253

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