World History 2

1. World History 2 1/26 to 1/30

2. Do Now: Sunday 1/26 • What are some of the major similarities between France and Spain during “the age of absolutism”

3. Recap Religion: *used to unify (Catholicism) *used to justify power Power: Centralized power, gained wealth and lands, decreased power of nobles Louis XIV – Franceand Phillip of Spain Decline: *too many endeavors *conquering = war = debt *economic hardships *war for succession – alliances from other countries Arts:supported and used to represented beliefs at the time

4. Chapter 21.3 – European monarchs clash Cause Effect Protestant Bohemians (Czech Republic) revolted against Ferdinand and Protestant Princes took this chance to challenge their Catholic Emperor • Ferdinand II (Hapsburg Family) became the Roman Emperor with control over Bohemia • Thirty Years’ War: Conflict over religion and territory and for power among European Ruling families. 1618-1648 • Protestant Union vs. the Catholic League – tensions between religions had been rising

5. Chapter 21.3 – European monarchs clash Ferdinand II – Roman emperor and ruler of Czech republic Results German Protestant Princes challenged Catholicism Religion was not the only factor…What might other factors be?

6. Chapter 21.3 – European monarchs clash • France Gets involved • Hapsburg dominated first half of war. • 1630 – Swedish Protestant – GustavusAdolphus – drove Hapsburg family out of Northern Germany, but then Gustavus was killed. • Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin took charge. Why? …………Fear of another ruler becoming as powerful as the French King. • War devastated Germany….How?

7. Do Now – Complete the questions in your notes..continuing from yesterday • Read Page 605 and answer the following questions. • How did the economy in central Europe contrast with western Europe? How did this impact the rise of states? Western Europe: serfs had freedom to move to cities so power could centralize and states could be formed. Central Europe: serfs did not have freedom so they did not move to cities = power not centralized • Why was Poland, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire weak? What does this mean for the creation of states? Weak leaders, weak armies…can’t successfully create a state without a strong leader or military

8. How was Austria able to become stronger?1. wiped out Protestantism = loyal state 2. centralized power and created strong army 3. gained Hungary (land) from Ottoman Empire • Who inherited the Austrian throne? Maria Theresa – this was to ensure Hapsburg family was able to keep rule over many lands ( remember Ferdinand II)

9. Chapter 21.3 – European monarchs clash • Prussia: Hohenzollerns (ruling family) increased land owned by Prussia by gaining control over German States. • Fredrick William (leader of Prussia) believed strong army was needed for safety. • Fredrick II = Fredrick The Great (F. W.’s son) F.W. was worried Fredrick II was not militarized enough, but became ruler and followed policies. • Softened some laws

10. Chapter 21.3 – European monarchs clash • Read Page 607 and answer the following questions • Why did Fredrick want Silesia? What did this mean for Austria and Maria Theresa? • What was the result of this action? • What was the 7 years’ war? What caused it and what were the implications?

11. Chapter 21.4

12. Russia • Ivan III: Gained Territory and liberated Russia from the Mongols…..he also began to centralize the government • Ivan the Terrible:-Grandson of Ivan III-became absolute ruler in 1533 at the age of 3- Rule by terror! Wife died and accused boyars of poisoning her. -executed many boyars, their families, and peasants on their land. • Boyars: Russian nobles

13. Russia • Peter the Great: Reformer - Russia was isolated because of Mongol rule (cut off from European society----Renaissance and Age of Exploration) -passion for tools and machines so went to Europe to observe • Westernization: use western Europe as model for change to make stronger (What are some way Kuwait has been become Westernized) • Peter believed that people would not be changed unless forced to • Built army = taxes • Page 610

14. Russia • Want a waterway – fought with Sweden to gain piece of Baltic Sea – for shipping and exploration

15. Siberia • -90 F (about -68 F) • 500$ million spent on fur coats per year • Closer to north pole than equator • (think about money spent by Kuwait for cooling)

16. Chapter 21.5 – England • Debt from Elizabeth 1 • Parliament limits monarchs powers • King of Scotland – James 1 – took over for Elizabeth

17. Problems King Reason for problems Money Dissolved Parliament – wanted funding for wars and parliament didn’t support • James 1 • Charles 2 (son of James)

18. Charles 2 and parliament • Negotiation • Can’t imprison without due cause • Can’t levy taxes without parliament consent • Can’t house soldiers in private homes • No martial law in peacetime • Charles ignored because it put law above the king

19. 21.5 • Charles voided (cancelled) the parliament and increased taxes. • English Civil War: supports of Charles (Royalists and Cavaliers) and opponents (Puritans) • In 1644, Oliver Cromwell, who was a Puritan general, defeated Charles and executed him.

20. 21.5 • England under Cromwell • Republic • Constitution • Eventually, he turned into a military dictator and began to suppress other nations, including the Irish. • People wanted Charles II (son of Charles 1) back.

21. 21.5 • Restoration: bringing the monarchy back. • Created the habeas corpus which is the requirement that prisoners are given a written statement to present to the judge stating their crime. • Glorious Revolution: Daughter of James, Mary, who was a Protestant, was chosen to take over England.

22. 21.5 • Mary: created a constitutional monarchy and a Bill of Rights which was a list of actions that monarchs were not allowed to do. • Can’t suspend parliament laws • Can’t tax without parliament consent • Can’t limit freedom of speech in Parliament • No penalty for people with grievances about the king

23. 21.5 • Cabinet: Government officials who held power and created policies within Parliament.