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Gerunds and Gerundives

Gerunds and Gerundives. More Verbals !. GERUND: Verbal NOUN. GERUNDIVE: Verbal ADJECTIVE. Gerunds fill the cases other than nominative:. To form a Gerund:. 2 nd principal part: AMARE; AUDIRE; drop the –RE Add –[ i e ] nd to the stem: AMAND-; AUDIEND-

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Gerunds and Gerundives

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  1. Gerunds and Gerundives More Verbals!

  2. GERUND: Verbal NOUN

  3. GERUNDIVE: Verbal ADJECTIVE

  4. Gerunds fill the cases other than nominative:

  5. To form a Gerund: • 2nd principal part: AMARE; AUDIRE; drop the –RE • Add –[ie]nd to the stem: AMAND-; AUDIEND- • for –io verbs of 3rd and 4th conjugation, you should end up with –ie- before the –nd- (Add an i or e as needed.) • Add case endings: • Gen: -i AMANDI; AUDIENDI • Dat: -ō  AMANDO; AUDIENDO • Acc: -um  AMANDUM; AUDIENDUM • Abl: -ō  AMANDO; AUDIENDO

  6. Form the Gerund of…

  7. Form the Gerund of…

  8. Form the Gerund of…

  9. Form the Gerund of…

  10. Form the Gerund of…

  11. Form the Gerund of…

  12. Form the Gerund of…eo, ire (irregular!)

  13. Form the Gerund of…

  14. Form the Gerund of…

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  25. Form the Gerund of…

  26. Gerunds in Ecclesiastes • Omnia tempus habent, • Et suisspatiistranseuntuniversa sub caelo. • Tempus nascendi, et tempus moriendi; • Tempus plantandi; et tempus evellendi quod plantatum est. • Tempus occidendi, et tempus sanandi; • Tempus destruendi, et tempus aedificandi.

  27. Tempus flendi, et tempus ridendi; • Tempus plangendi, et tempus saltandi. • Tempus spargendilapides et tempus colligendi, • Tempus amplexandi, et tempus longefieriabamplexibus. • Tempus acquirendi, et tempus perdendi; • Tempus custodiendi, et tempus abiciendi.

  28. Tempus scindendi, et tempus consuendi; • Tempus tacendi, et tempus loquendi. • Tempus dilectionis, et tempus odii; • Tempus belli, et tempus pacis.

  29. Gerundive = Verbal Adjective • Gerundive = Future PASSIVE Participle • 30 forms (adjective –us, -a, -um chart) • How to form it: • 2nd principal part • Drop –re • Add –ndus, -nda, -ndum, etc. • vocarevocandus, vocanda, vocandum, etc. • Translate: “to be [verb]ed” • vocandus: “[about] to be called” • Puerum a matrevocandumvidi. I saw the boy about to be called by his mother.

  30. Gerundive Derivatives • tremendous • memorandum • Amanda • reverend • agenda • addenda • legend • corrigenda • referendum • propaganda • to be respected • to be read • to be corrected • to be feared • to be brought back • to be added • to be loved • to be extended • to be remembered • to be done

  31. Future Passive Periphrastic By Magistra Candy Baehr To the tune of “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” Future Passive Periphrastic Ex-pi-al-i-dundive You just take a form of SUM and then add the Gerundive Use for obligation or necessity: “Future Passive Periphrastic must be learned by me!”

  32. Future Passive Periphrastic • Gerundive plus a form of sum, esse, fui, futurus • Translate “must be [verb]ed” • Use DATIVE to show agent (“by whom” it must be done) • Libermihilegendus est. • liber = the book • legendusest = must be read (Future Pass. Peri.) • mihi = by me (Dative of Agent) • Use neuter nom sing gerundive to make it impersonal: “it must be [verb]ed” • agendum est = it must be done • mihi agendum est = it must be done by me  I must do it

  33. Future Passive Periphrastic By Magistra Candy Baehr To the tune of “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” Future Passive Periphrastic Ex-pi-al-i-dundive You just take a form of SUM and then add the Gerundive Use for obligation or necessity: “Future Passive Periphrastic must be learned by me!”

  34. Translate Gerundives! • Cogendamensestutincipiat.The mind ____________ to begin. • Haec non tangendasunt.These things _____________________. • Rex civibusesttimendus.A king ______________ by the citizens. • Orandumestut sit menssana in corporesano.It ______ that there be a sound mind in a sound body. • Utendumestaetate; citopedelabituraetas.Time ___________; a lifetime slips by on a swift foot.

  35. Translate Gerundives! • Pro urbe et deisestcertandum.For city and gods _______________. • De gustibus non estdisputandum.Concerning tastes, _____________. • Bellum nectimendumnecprovocandum est.War neither ___________ nor ___________. • Nuncestbibendum, nuncpedelibropulsanda [est] tellus…Now one ____________, one must __________ the earth with dancing foot…

  36. Dative of Agent • If there is a form of sum, esse, fui, futurus with a gerundive, that’s the Future Passive Periphrastic. Translate as “must be [verb]ed.” • With the FPP, a dative noun/pronoun is the Agent. Translate as “by ____”. • E.G.: Multi libriCiceronilegendierant. • Many books had to be readby Cicero. • Cicero had to read many books.

  37. Translate with FPP and Dative of Agent… • Armamihiinveniendasunt._____ have to find _______________. • Hic ritusomnibusspectanduserat.This ceremony had to be ________ by ____ • Urbsunipueroservanda est.__________ must save the ____________. • Oraculumregiconsulendumerit.________ will have to be consulted by _____.

  38. Gerundive of Purpose • ad [noun] [gerundive] • [noun] [gerundive] causā • [noun] [gerundive] gratiā • Romamveniunt ad ludosspectandos.ludorumspectandorumcausā.ludorumspectandorumgratiā. • They come to Rome to see the games. N.B.: The noun the gerundive modifies = the Direct Object of the gerundive’s verb.

  39. Rewrite the sentence using the three gerundive of purpose constructions: ad, causā, and gratiā • Iuvenes ad palaestramibantut corpora confirmarent. • The young men went to the gym to strengthen their bodies. • Iuvenes ad palaestramibantad___________. • Iuvenes ad palaestramibant_________causā. • Iuvenes ad palaestramibant________ gratiā.

  40. Rewrite the sentence using the three gerundive of purpose constructions: ad, causā, and gratiā • Discipuli ad grammaticummissisuntutlinguamGraecamdiscerent. • The students were sent to the teacher to learn the Greek language. • Discipuli ad grammaticummissisuntad___________. • Discipuli ad grammaticummissisunt_________causā. • Discipuli ad grammaticummissisunt________ gratiā.

  41. Rewrite the sentence using the three gerundive of purpose constructions: ad, causā, and gratiā • Diutissimemanseruntutprincipemsalutarent. • They stayed a very long time to greet the emperor. • Diutissimemanseruntad___________. • Diutissimemanserunt_________causā. • Diutissimemanserunt________ gratiā.

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