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The Vertebral Column

Learn about the structure and functions of the vertebral column with its divisions, normal and abnormal curvatures, cervical vertebrae, thoracic cage, ribs, and sternum. Enhance your anatomy knowledge with this informative guide.

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The Vertebral Column

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  1. The Vertebral Column

  2. Consists of 33 vertebrae: - 24 separate vertebrae - 8-10 fused vertebrae Each individual vertebrae is separated by intervertebral discs

  3. Divisions of the Vertebral Column • Cervical (neck) – 7 vertebrae • Thoracic (chest) – 12 vertebrae • Lumbar (low back) – 5 vertebrae • Sacrum – 5 fused vertebrae • Coccyx (tailbone) – 3-5 fused

  4. 4 Normal Curvatures: • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral

  5. Curves in the fetus? • Only one – concave anteriorly • Cervical develops at 3-4 months • Lumbar develops at about 1 year

  6. Abnormal Vertebral Curves: • Kyphosis: An increased roundness of the thoracic curve “hunchback”

  7. Lordosis: Increased lumbar curvature pregnancy and “potbellies”

  8. Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature

  9. Atlas – 1st cervical vertebrae Supports the head Axis – 2nd cervical vertebrae Has a process that projects into the ring of the atlas The Cervical Vertebrae

  10. Ribs – 12 pairs - 7 upper connect to vertebrae and sternum “true” ribs - 5 lower do not connect directly to the sternum “false” ribs The Thoracic CageProtects the heart and lungs

  11. Sternum - 3 parts: 1. Manubrium 2. Body 3. Xiphoid process

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