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International cooperation actors. Political sociology of development IHEID - Workshop 3 – October 30th 2009. International Cooperation Actors. Vendors : Governments Bilateral agencies Multilateral agencies Thematic funds Private foundations NGOs Recipients / Partners
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International cooperation actors Politicalsociology of development IHEID - Workshop 3 – October 30th 2009
International Cooperation Actors • Vendors : • Governments • Bilateral agencies • Multilateral agencies • Thematic funds • Private foundations • NGOs • Recipients / Partners • Developing countries governments – several ministries • Public corporation / local governments • NGOs • Private sector
Governmental bilateral aid • Complex and donor country-specific organization e.g. Germany : BMZ, GTZ, KFW, … e.g. France : Quai d’Orsay, Bercy, AFD e.g. Switzerland : DDC, SECO • Recipient countries e.g. Sudan : decentralization, re-centralization
NGOs • Lack of common definition / criteria • Characteristics (Ryfman, 2004) • Association of private persons with not for profit objective • “Not for profit” legal status according to National Law • Autonomy re. the State and private firms • Reference to democratic values • Transnational action (for International Solidarity Organizations) • Financing, operating modes
NGOs • Strengths / achievements • Proximity with people from the South • Flexibility and speed • Efficiency in fund raising • Advocacy • Limits / critics • Small is not always beautiful… fragmentation, coordination • Lack of serious research on their efficiency • Power asymmetries North / South NGOs
Philanthropic foundations • Origins • Rockefeller (1913) ; Ford (1936) ; David & Lucille Packard (1964) ; Aga Khan (1967) ; MacArthur (1975) ; … • Main achievements : Agriculture (Green Revolution) ; Population ; Infectious disease control • Newcomers • Bill & Melinda Gates (1998) ; Open Society Institute / Soros (~1984-1993); … • Global Health ; Environment ; Good governance • Contribution (2000) ~ 3 bio USD (OECD/DAC 2003)
Emergence of new actors :“Global Alliances” • E.g. GAVI (Global Alliance for Vaccine andImmunization) ; GAIN (Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition) ; Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria; … • Public/private partnerships • Boards consist of representatives from U.N. institutions ; World Bank ; Philanthropic Foundation, Governments of donor and developing countries, Industry, … • What Impact ? • Very efficient and innovative fund raising solutions • Fragmentation of international cooperation ? • Loss of normative power for U.N. institutions • Indiscriminate use of the term “partner” = do public and private actors have equal status?