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Epistemic Curiosity and Self-Regulation

Explore the relationship between epistemic curiosity and self-regulation strategies, including distinctive I-type and D-type expressions, impact on resource expenditure, and real-time curiosity research. Discover how individual differences in curiosity can influence knowledge-seeking behaviors and emotional responses to learning experiences.

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Epistemic Curiosity and Self-Regulation

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  1. July 2017 Epistemic Curiosity and Self-Regulation Jordan Litman With support from

  2. What is Epistemic Curiosity? Epistemic Curiosity (EC) is the desire to learn new intellectual knowledgesuch as facts, ideas, solutions. • Individual differences in EC are experienced & expressed as correlated (mdn r = .5) but distinct motives to… Induce feeling interested in new knowledge “I can spend hours on a single problem because I just can’t rest without knowing the answer” “I enjoy exploring new ideas” Reduce feeling deprived of new knowledge [I-type] [D-type] “Need to know” attitudes Self-directed“impasse-driven” learning Overlaps with O & especially Conscientiousness Intermediate knowledge-gaps: “TOT” & “FOK” Highstate-curiosity & knowledge-seeking “Learning is fun” attitudes Self-directed“anticipated interest” learning Overlaps most with Openness (O) Large knowledge-gaps “Don’t Know” Moderatestate-curiosity & knowledge-seeking • EC experiences are theorized as intertwined cognitive-affective processes (i.e., Knowledge Emotions) • I-type: POSITVEwhen aroused& if satiated (low wanting + high liking = information “snacking”) • D-type: NEGATIVEwhen aroused, then POSITIVEif satiated (high wanting + high liking = “hungry” to know!) • Major Goal • Examine relationships between EC and several self-regulatory strategies to inform us of how • I-typeand D-typeEC may differentially orient individuals to approach & use new knowledge!

  3. Participants and Measures • Validated translations of the 5-item I-type and D-type EC scales (5-item scales, αrange = .75 - .85) • Study 1 • (Italians, N = 151) • Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) • Cognitive Reappraisal: Change view to control emotions • Expressive Suppression: Maintain composure (restraint) • Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (EPO) • Generation/Evaluation: Think before you act • Positive Focus: Optimistic, more carefree outlook • Negative Focus: Pessimistic, more cautious outlook • RiskTaking (RT-18) • Risk-Taking Behavior: Willing to take risks • Risk Assess.: Tend to interpret potential risks as safe • Study 2 • (Americans, N = 218; Germans, N = 56) • BIS: Regulation of avoidance • BAS: Regulation of approach • Drive • Fun Seeking • Reward Responsiveness

  4. Study 1: Italian Respondents Source: Lauriola, M., Litman, J. A., Mussel, P., De Santis, R., Crowson, H.M., & Hoffman, R.R. (2015). Epistemic curiosity and self-regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 202-207.

  5. Study 2: American & German Respondents Implications for I-type and D-type EC as Distinct Knowledge Emotions [D-type] [I-type] D-type involves thoughtfulness, & caution when seeking knowledge D-type may motivate eschewing “frivolous” over “useful” information D-type’s lack of +r with Reward & Drive reflects impulse control & sustained effort (self-directed impasse-driven). I-type reflects fun, carefree approach to seeking knowledge I-type may be associated with taking “creative chances” I-type may also involve more impulsivity, but less deliberation (self-directed anticipated interest) Low BAS+High BIS=Impulse-control and punishment-sensitivity interactedwith D-type EC Future Research Examine whether I-type and D-type EC differentially predict resource expenditure if knowledge-seeking is constrained (e.g., place limits on question-asking). Source: Lauriola, M., Litman, J. A., Mussel, P., De Santis, R., Crowson, H.M., & Hoffman, R.R. (2015). Epistemic curiosity and self-regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 202-207.

  6. NEW RESEARCH ON EC AS A KNOWLEDGE EMOTION: Faces of I-type and D-type states Action units of face capture can also reliably detect and differentiate between YN and WHfacial expressions. • I-typeexpressions? D-type expressions? Facial expressions in Sign Language =non-manual grammatical markersthat express emotion Raised eyebrows/open eyes = neutral to positive valences Furrowed brows/narrowed eyes suggest negative valences Two major types of inquisitive faces are found cross culturally in sign languages that map closely onto I-type and D-type EC: YES/NO questions: Raised brows, eyes open wide. Wide open query, lacking any details, larger information gaps(I-type?) WH-questions: Furrowed brows, eyes narrowed. Seek specific details, smaller knowledge-gaps (D-type?) Also found in infants young as 3 months when involved in cognitive engagement tasks -- they also have clear emotional markers! All of these faces overlap with faces of thinking, “interested” attention, problem solving, mental effort, impasse-driven learning (esp. brow furrow), etc. This is unlikely to be coincidental… Research is ongoing right now in my lab on real-timestate curiosity, inquisitiveness and information seeking using this approach – so stay tuned 

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