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The middle Ages

The middle Ages. Ms. Orville. Feudalism and the Manor system. Middle Ages : 500-1500 CE Medieval period Feudalism - land was owned by nobles but held by vassals in return for loyalty Medieval government system Feudal duties: raise army and pay taxes

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The middle Ages

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  1. The middle Ages Ms. Orville

  2. Feudalism and the Manor system • Middle Ages: 500-1500 CE • Medieval period • Feudalism- land was owned by nobles but held by vassals in return for loyalty • Medieval government system • Feudal duties: raise army and pay taxes • Manor system- people lived and worked on large estates owned by lords • Medieval economic system • Self-sufficient- did not need anything outside of what was provided on the manor • Very little trading • Noblewomen- important role running the manor • Serfs= peasants • Very difficult life • No chance to improve their life

  3. vocabulary • Middle ages- the years between ancient and modern times • Medieval- referring to the middle ages • Feudalism- a system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty • Fief- a large piece of land granted by a king to a lord in exchange for his loyalty • Manor- a large estate, often including farms & a village. Ruled by a lord • Serf- a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked • Peasant- poor people who live and farm the land • Vassal- a person who promised to fight when needed by his lord, during the Middle Ages in exchange for land • Lord- a noble in the middle ages • Noble- a member of the wealthiest class of some societies • Bourgeoisie- person belonging to the middle class

  4. Vocabulary • Page- a young boy who carried messages and waited on a lord • Squire- a servant of a knight at the lord’s court- trains to be a knight • Knight- a man who received honor & land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier • Chivalry- the code of honorable conduct for knights • keep- strongest defense of the castle- tall tower where noble lives: has its own well and storage space • Guild- medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people

  5. vocabulary • Gothic- a style of architecture used during the Middle Ages that featured pointed arches • Clergy- persons with authority to perform religious services • Excommunication- expelling someone from the Church • Monastery- a religious community in which monks lead lives of work and prayer • Convent- a religious community in which nuns lead simple lives of work and prayer http://www.medieval-castle.com/architecture_design.htm

  6. Vocab • Charter- a formal document setting forth an organization’s goals & principles • apprentice- an unpaid person training in a craft or trade • Black Death- (Bubonic Plague) 14th century plague that killed 25-33% of Europe’s population • Troubadour- a traveling poet & musician of the Middle Ages • Holy land- Jerusalem & parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived & taught • Crusades- a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the holy land back from Muslim control • Pilgrims- a person who journeys to a sacred place • Nation- a community of people that shares territory & a government • Model Parliament- a council of lords, clergy, & common people that advised the English king on government matters • Hundred Years War- a series of conflicts between England & France 1337-1453

  7. Do Now: Who protected the medieval castles?

  8. Knights and castles • Knights were vassals that made up the noble’s army • Cavalry- army on horseback • Chivalry- purity, valor, good manors • 3 stages of becoming a knight • Page • Squire • Knight • Castles: used as protection from invading armies

  9. Do Now: what is a Nation?

  10. The Power of Kings • The Hundred Years War • Helped unify both England and France into nations

  11. The Church and the rise of cities • During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was a powerful force that affected nearly every area of people’s lives • Middle ages also known as “The Age of Faith” • Churches- highly organized: • Priests, bishops, archbishops, popes • Increase in trade led to the growth of towns and cities • The new middle class organized craft trade guilds • Medieval towns and cities were crowded and unsanitary • Culture and learning were limited to only a few people

  12. The crusades • 200 years • Series of wars launched by European Christians to capture Jerusalem from the Muslims • First crusade: captured Jerusalem • Later Crusades launched to defend Christians from Turks in Holy Land • No true winner • Crusades changed life in Europe • Trade increased • Towns grew • Use of money increased • Learned about the Arab world

  13. 1347-1351: bubonic plague • Spread by fleas and rats that lived in unsanitary towns • Flagellants- punished themselves for sins in order to avoid the plague • Caused horrible black spots and almost certain death • Killed 1/3-1/2 of Europe’s population • Normal life broken down- labor shortage

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