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Autosegmental Phonology

Autosegmental Phonology. By 周 沫. Background. Contour language Tone language level tone language. contour language. Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllable

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Autosegmental Phonology

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  1. Autosegmental Phonology By 周 沫

  2. Background Contour language Tone language level tone language

  3. contour language Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllable • e.g. Cantonese • [si] ‘city’ (low-mid to mid, rising) • [si] ‘history’ (low-mid to high, rising) • [si] ‘matter’ (low-mid, level) • [si] ‘silk’ (high, level) • [si] ‘time’ (low-mid to low, falling) • [si] ‘to try’ (mid, level)

  4. level tone languages • tonal contrasts are predominantly dependent on the pitch height of each syllable • e.g. Igbo • [akwa] ‘bed’ LL • [aÄa] ‘war’ HH • [aSa] ‘weaver bird’ HL • [uba] ‘wealth’ LH

  5. Tone may mark grammatical categories • timeless ["ma] ‘I show’ • continuous ["ma] ‘I am showing’ • past ["ma] ‘I showed’

  6. The Absolute Slicing Hypothesis • traditional SPE-style phonology regarded tone as a feature belonging to the vowel, but there is evidence that tones have some autonomy from the vowels on which they are realized:

  7. Contour tones behave as if a combination of simple tones, e.g. in tonal polarity, where some marker always has the opposite tone to that of the base, as in Margi: • LHL a-f«lma ‘we (two) bathe’ • HLH a-w"ma ‘we (two) run’ • HLHL a-v«lma‘we (two) jump’

  8. tonal melodies – Leben (1973) – data from Mende show only 5 basic patterns atthe word level. • H k ‘war’ p‚l‚‘house’ hawama ‘waist’ • L kpa‘debt’ b‚l‚ ‘pants’ kpakal ‘chair’ • HL mbu‘owl’ ngIla‘dog’ felama‘junction’ • LH mba‘rice’ fande‘cotton’ ndavula ‘sling’ • LHL mba‘companion’ nyaha‘woman’ nIkIlI ‘peanut’

  9. Autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976)Definition 1 • A new type of phonological representation was proposed, made up of several simultaneous sequences of segments linked by association lines. ------M.St./M.Phil. Phonology course

  10. Definition 2 • Autosegmental phonology is a non-linear approach to phonology that allows phonological processes, such as tone and vowel harmony, to be independent of and extend beyond individual consonants and vowels. ----Goldsmith, John A. 1975. "Tone melodies and the autosegment."

  11. one-to-one association • e.g. Mende • ng"la ‘dog’ fande ‘cotton’ H L L H

  12. many-to-one association • mba ‘rice’ mba ‘companion’ L H L H L

  13. multiple linking • kpakal" ‘chair’ ndavula ‘sling’ L H L

  14. Goldsmith’s Universal Association Convention(UAC) • Match the tones and tone-bearing units (TBUs) one to one, left to right. • Associate left-over TBUs with the last tone and left-over tones with the last TBU. • No Crossing Constraint: association lines do not cross.

  15. Extensions of autosegmental phonology Nasality may be a property of whole words in Desano, e.g. • [wa"] ‘name’ [wa"] ‘fish’ w a "  w a "  [+nasal] [-nasal] 

  16. Autosegmental&CV phonology Eg. Penny C V C V p ‚ n i

  17. Thank you!

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