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Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science

Explore the evolution of speech science from Darwin's studies to modern speech synthesis, phonetics, and production of sounds. Learn about the International Phonetic Alphabet, speaking machines, and 20th-century speech synthesis developments.

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Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science

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  1. Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science Philip J.B. Jackson research fellow Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering http://web.bham.ac.uk/p.jackson

  2. INTRODUCTION Outline • The sounds of English • Darwin’s studies of phonetics • Human speech production • Darwin’s “speaking machine” • C.20th speech synthesis • Summary

  3. PHONETICS Analysis of Articulate Sounds “The tongue, the lips articulate; the throat With soft vibration modulates the note.” • Imperfections of the present Alphabet • Production of Sounds • Structure of the Alphabet

  4. PHONETICS International Phonetic Alphabet

  5. PHONETICS International Phonetic Alphabet

  6. PRODUCTION Articulators mid-sagittal MRI for vowel /i/ Jaw Lips Tongue tip Tongue blade Velum Larynx

  7. PRODUCTION Letter to George Gray, 1791 “…, as I once made a wooden head, which spoke distinctly p.a. and m. so that it said pam, map, papa, mamma; as plain as most human heads.”

  8. PRODUCTION Speaking machines

  9. PRODUCTION Functional description • Air pressure and reed • voice source (cf. larynx) • Ducts • oral cavity • nasal cavity • Variable geometry • articulation

  10. PRODUCTION Anatomy of the larynx

  11. PRODUCTION Voicing/phonation

  12. PRODUCTION Articulation from Mohammad (2000)

  13. SYNTHESIS 20th-century speech synthesis • Review by Klatt (1987) “Good evening radio audience”, Dudley (1939) • Text-to-speech (Bell Labs) http://www.bell-labs.com/project/tts/voices.html • Festival (Univ. Edinburgh) http://festvox.org/voicedemos.html

  14. SYNTHESIS Extract the outline Vocal-tract geometry:

  15. SYNTHESIS Discretise the outline Extracted outline:

  16. SYNTHESIS Derive the area function Area function:

  17. SYNTHESIS Compute acoustic response Vocal-tract transfer function:

  18. CONCLUSION Summary • Sounds of English • Darwin’s idea of a phonetic alphabet • Fundamentals of speech production • Darwin’s speaking machine • Modern speech synthesis • Further information • http://web.bham.ac.uk/p.jackson

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