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Key Terms – Scientific and Medical Advances

Robert Koch Joseph Lister William Morton. Key Terms – Scientific and Medical Advances. John Dalton Michael Faraday Wilhelm Roentgen Marie Curie Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur. John Dalton.

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Key Terms – Scientific and Medical Advances

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  1. Robert Koch Joseph Lister William Morton Key Terms – Scientific and Medical Advances • John Dalton • Michael Faraday • Wilhelm Roentgen • Marie Curie • Charles Darwin • Gregor Mendel • Edward Jenner • Louis Pasteur

  2. John Dalton • Dalton → school teacher that stated that atoms are the smallest parts of elements. • Developed a system of atomic weights • Helped lay the foundation for modern atomic theory

  3. Michael Faraday • Faraday → demonstrated that magnetism can produce electricity. • His ideas helped discover that mechanical power can be converted to electrical power. • Also helped invent electric generators

  4. Wilhelm Roentgen • Roentgen → helped discover X-rays in 1895. • Allowed doctors to see into the body to discover broken bones or damaged internal organs.

  5. Marie Curie • Curie → discovered two radioactive elements, radium and polonium. • Also helped to discover how to find new elements. • Both elements she discovered are used in nuclear research.

  6. Charles Darwin • Darwin → helped derive the theory of evolution; the idea that man developed from apes. • Posited that different organisms have to adapt over time to be able to survive and reproduce. • Those that manage to survive are considered to be naturally selected to survive due to their traits. • Broken into three parts: adaptation, competition, and natural selection

  7. Gregor Mendel • Mendel → helped discover the field of genetics. • Experimented with pea plants to figure out which traits are passed down and which ones are not.

  8. Edward Jenner • Jenner → introduced the practice of vaccination. • Figured out that if a patient is given a small amount of a virus, the patient will develop antibodies with which to fight the disease without contracting it.

  9. Louis Pasteur • Pasteur → discovered how to remove bacteria from different liquids. • Discovered that heating materials will kill bacteria within it → pasteurization • Helped explain why immunization works.

  10. Robert Koch • Koch → helped discover how germs cause diseases. • Discovered what causes tuberculosis. • Developed a method of how to culture bacteria.

  11. Joseph Lister and William Morton - Lister → known for using antiseptics in hospitals. - using Pasteur's knowledge about germs and their origins, Lister would use strong chemicals to kill bacteria in operating rooms. - antiseptics, as they would later be called, prevented the spread of infection within hospitals. - Morton → known for his experimentation with anesthetics. - experimented with the use of ether as a means of dulling pain during surgery. - the use of this anesthetic made it easier for patients to go through surgery and also speed up their recovery times.

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