Our Challenge: Life (Food) for Everyone Barbara Burlingame, PhD Principal Nutrition Officer FAO

1. Our Challenge: Life (Food) for EveryoneBarbara Burlingame, PhDPrincipal Nutrition OfficerFAO

2. Problems Diets are not sustainable 1 billion hungry people 2 billion people with micronutrient malnutrition 2 billion people overweight and obese Environments are not sustainable ecosystems degraded biodiversity forever lost Agriculture is not sustainable monoculture, intensive livestock industries, agricultural chemicals, waste/losses, inefficiencies.

3. Technical Workshop Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets 31 May & 1 June 2010

4. Survey Results

5. Survey Results

6. Sustainable Diets are those diets with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security and to healthy life for present and future generations. Sustainable diets are protective and respectful of biodiversity and ecosystems, culturally acceptable, accessible, economically fair and affordable; nutritionally adequate, safe and healthy; while optimizing natural and human resources. Source: FAO, 2010 http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3004e/i3004e.pdf

7. Secretary General’s ZHC

8. Stunting prevalence and number affected in developing countries 200 150 100 50 0 AFRICA ASIA LATIN AMERICA 50 48.6 190 40.3 39.3 40 38.2 37.7 138 Number of stunted (millions) 30 27.6 Stunting (%) 23.7 100 18.1 20 60 13.5 51 45 10 13 10 7 0 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 Source: Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization CFS Roma, 14th October 2010

9. Overweight prevalence and number affected in developing countries 20 10 8 15 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 AFRICA ASIA LATIN AMERICA 8.5 18 6.8 6.9 6.8 14 13 13 5.7 Number of overweight (millions) 4.9 Overweight (%) 4 3.7 7 3.2 4 4 4 4 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 Source: Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization CFS Roma, 14th October 2010

11. Environmental footprint Source: Mediterranean Diet Foundation, 2010

12. Food losses and waste Source: Global Food Losses and Waste, FAO, 2011

13. Water footprint household waste of wheat products in the UK Source WRAP, 2011 • UK Total agricultural water footprint 70km3/yr (280L/cap/day) • 60% of this is external • UK Food losses translate into water impacts all over the planet

14. Dietary energy and annual cereal production • Total population: % female, % male • Prevalence of overweight/obesity: %women, %men, %children • Average kg excess body fat/cap • Annual national production of commodity • Energy content of commodity: kcal and kJ • e.g., wheat in Egypt = 3 kcal/g or 12.3 kJ/g • 1 kg body fat = 32200 kJ = 2.6 kg wheat

16. Women in Egypt

17. Women in Ghana

18. Intakes above recommendations = food waste

19. Biodiversity and nutrition Dietary energy supply can be satisfied without diversity Micronutrient supply cannot be satisfied without diversity

20. Rice cultivar differences in nutrient content

21. Extent of genetic uniformity in rice

22. International Rice Commission20th Session The Commission recommended that: • Existing biodiversity of rice varieties and their nutritional composition need to be explored before engaging in transgenics. • Nutrient content needs to be among the criteria in cultivar promotion. • Cultivar-specific nutrient analysis and data dissemination should be systematically undertaken. FAO (2002). Report of the International Rice Commission 20th Session (23-26 July 2002, Bangkok). FAO, Rome.

23. International Rice Commission20th Session The Commission recommended that: • Member countries should promote the sustainable development of aquatic biodiversity in rice-based ecosystems and policy decisions and management measures should enhance the living aquatic resource base. • In areas where wild fish are depleted, rice-fish farming should be considered as a means of enhancing food security and securing sustainable rural development. • Attention should be given to the nutritional contribution of aquatic organisms in the diet of rural people who produce or depend on rice. FAO (2002). Report of the International Rice Commission 20th Session (23-26 July 2002, Bangkok). FAO, Rome.

24. Traditional use and availability of aquatic biodiversity in rice-based ecosystems Source: Balzer, Balzer, Pon, 2002; Luo, Xaypladeth

25. WATERAnimal protein “costs” more waterprotein content and protein quality calculationscalculations per 100g dry matterprotein waste with intakes above recommendations = water wastewater cost for other foods+nutrients

26. Livestock Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective Elinor Medhammar, Ramani Wijesinha-Bettoni, Barbara Stadlmayr, Emma Nilsson, Ute Ruth Charrondiere, Barbara Burlingame

27. Mongolia landlocked food insecure n-3 fatty acids FAO/WHO = 2 g/day Mares’ milk, local breed, genetic trait Biodiversity of grasslands Nutrients, ecosystems and traditions

28. Sweet potato varieties: α - and β-carotene, mg/100g fresh wt

29. Bananas and vitamin A <5 µg carotenes <8500 µg carotenes

30. Improving the Evidence

31. 26th FAO REGIONAL CONFERENCE FOR EUROPEInnsbruck, Austria, 26-27 June 2008 Promotion of Traditional Regional Agricultural and Food Products: A Further Step Towards Sustainable Rural Development The Conference Many delegations highlighted the Mediterranean Diet as rich in biodiversity and nutritionally healthy. The promotion of the Mediterranean Diet could play a beneficial role in the sustainable development of agriculture in the Mediterranean region. remarked that the goal of increased global food production, including bio fuel, should be balanced against the need to protect biodiversity, ecosystems, traditional foods and traditional agricultural practices.

32. Challenges BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY

33. Note that the degradation of ecosystems and the loss of food biodiversity is contributing greatly to the increases in poverty and malnutrition in Africa; • Recognize that returning to local crops and traditional food systems is a prerequisite for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for food and nutrition; • Acknowledge that local foods are the basis for African sustainable diets. The Door of No Return House of the Slaves Gorée Island