What is Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) ?

1. Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT TE-1)Staff Planning WorkshopMNF / CTF Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations Overview

2. What is Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) ? A cadre of military planners from nations in the Asia-Pacific region capable of rapidly augmenting a multinational force (MNF) headquarters established to plan and execute coalition operations in response to small scale contingencies (SSC).

3. CTF FormingMultinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) Civil Affairs,SJA, Medical, Engineer Etc. MPAT Personnel/J1 Intel/J2 Ops/J3 Log/J4 Plans/J5 Comms/J6 MNF/CTF Operational Headquarters Staff Organization CTF

4. 13 Nov 14 Nov 15 Nov 16 Nov 17 Nov MPAT TE-1 Workshop Methodology Improving MNF Staff Planner Effectiveness Product: Commander’s Estimate Initiation: Warning Order Scenario BRF ACADEMICS ACADEMICS ACADEMICS ACADEMICS ACADEMICS Prep COA Decision Brief COA DEVELOP- MENT COA ANALYSIS & COA COMPARISON COA ANALYSIS MISSION ANALYSIS COA Decision Brief AAR MSN ANAL BRIEF ACADEMICS Initial COA BRIEF Staff Cell Briefs

5. I Terminology II The Players III US Organizations IV NGOs/IO V Measures of Effeciveness VI Transition to a Non Military Effort VII COA Development Purpose Broad introduction to the key elements of humanitarian assistance operations UN DOS/EMB OFDA/DART NGOs Military

6. US FHA/DR DOCTRINE TERMINOLOGY • Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA): Operations conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human suffering, disease, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. • Conducted outside US • Limited in scope and duration • Assistance provided to supplement or compliment the efforts of the Host Nation (HN) • Disaster Relief (DR): A Subset of Humanitarian Assistance Joint Pub 3-07.6 (Draft)

7. Joint Pub 1-02 More Terminology Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Combined Operation: An operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission. Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action... usually for a single action or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. Examples: Desert Storm, Somalia Joint Pub 1-02

8. Perspectives on Multinational Operations “Allies are the most aggravating of people. They are so difficult to understand, so unreasonable; they approach quite straightforward problems from such extraordinary angles. Even when one agrees with them on common objectives their methods towards obtaining them are so queer, so very queer. They even introduce consideration of their own national politics and hangovers from their past history, none of which have the faintest bearing on the matter of immediate issue. Their most annoying characteristic, however, is that among all the arguing and haggling is the astonishing way they seem quite incapable of recognizing how sound, how wise, how experienced are our views; how fair, indeed how generous, how big hearted we are..” Field Marshall William Slim

9. Humanitarian Assistance Operations • Provide Comfort - Turkey/N. Iraq (HA) • Sea Angel I & II - Bangladesh (HA) • Fiery Vigil - Philippines (HA) • Guantanamo/Panama-- Haitian Refugees (HA) • Provide Hope - Former Soviet Union (HA) • Provide Relief - Kenya/Somalia (HA) • Restore Hope - Somalia (HA) • Provide Promise - Former Yugoslavia (HA) • Pacific Haven - Guam (HA) • East Timor (PO / HA)

10. UN MULTI- NATIONAL TYPES OF FHA OPERATIONS COMPLEXITY Unilateral TYPES OF OPERATIONS

11. PLAYERS NGO’s/PVO’s Non-Governmental/ Private Volunteer Orgs UNITED NATIONS HOST-NATION GOVERNMENT MNF / CTF IOs OFDA INTERNATIONAL ORGs (INT’L RED CROSS) OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE SUPPORT EMBASSIES

12. Ambassadors/Chiefs of Mission Responsible for Overall Direction, Coordination, and Supervision of Supporting Government Activities in the Host Country Responsible for Successful Completion of the HA/DR and Safety of their Government’s Citizens and DFNs For the US: State Department = Lead Federal Agency

13. Ambassadors/Chief of Missions The Ambassador Is Not in the Military Chain of Command but a US JTF/CTF Commander Will Fully Support the Ambassador’s Plans and Cooperate With Lead Federal Agency / DOS and Embassy Personnel, Without Compromising Mission Requirements Pg I-6 and II-3, JP 3-07.5

14. “The military is enamored with timelines, no-later-than dates, and ultimatums. We on the other hand spend endless hours waiting and toiling for the slightest glimmer of hope in a situation unencumbered by deadlines and concrete results. Clearly, there are two diametrically opposed philosophies.” USLO Mogadishu, Somalia

15. MNF / CTF COMMANDER • Responsible for all phases of the military operation • Provides military assistance to Governmental and Non-governmental agencies as directed by CTF establishing authority. • Establishes Liaison teams • Orchestrates the transition of responsibilities to other agencies

16. US Unilateral HA / DR Operation:SIMPLIFIED C2 PRESIDENT SECDEF SECSTATE Humanitarian & Ref. Affairs USAID AMB / COUNTRY TM CINC OFDA/DART HACC/JLOC JTF HOC NGOs PVOs IOs CMOC

17. Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC) • “In Somalia, a daily meeting was held where the NGOs were briefed on the current situation from all military participants. A review of ongoing humanitarian actions was briefed by NGOs and security requests were processed by the assisting units. In addition, the CMOC served as the venue for UN humanitarian programs to operate from.”

18. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS CENTER (CMOC) CMOC DIRECTOR OPERATIONS SECTION ADMIN/ SUPPORT SECTION NON-MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES

19. InterAction CARE Doctors of the World Red Cross Save the Children ICRC NGOs & PVOs Intl Rescue Committee CMOC OFDA / DART USG Agencies Children’s Fund UN Country Team World Food Programme Dept of Peacekeeping Operations High Commissioner for Refugees

20. APPROPRIATE MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS MISSION- RELATED MEASURABLE SENSITIVE REASONABLE IN NUMBER USEFUL

21. TRANSITION TRANSITION AND / OR TERMINATION • FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES • TRANSITION CRITERIA • FISCAL GUIDANCE • TRANSITION PLAN

22. OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT UNCERTAIN PERMISSIVE MNF/ CTF HOSTILE

23. PRINCIPLES OF MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR UNITY OF EFFORT OBJECTIVE SECURITY PERSEVERANCE LEGITIMACY RESTRAINT

24. COA DEVELOPMENT STEPS--HA / DR 1. Coordinate with Host Nation, UN, IO NGO/PVOs, Lead Government Agencies, etc. 2. Determine threat / operational environment(s) 3. Analyze force capabilities 4. Array force capabilities (HA, security, medical, transportation, etc.) 5. Develop scheme of maneuver 6. Determine C2 means and maneuver control measures 7. Prepare COA statement and sketch 8. Prepare staff estimates

25. HA / DR Lessons Learned • Symbology- Depiction of non-military operations • What is the role of traditional Intel in support of HA/DR • Information Management process • Map Doctrine And Fratricide • BDA- How to quantify in a disaster? • Understanding PSYOP And CA • Non-lethal Weapons- ROE? • Force Protection- Right level? • Field Sanitation- Lost Art?

26. Lessons Learned (Cont’d) • Each operation differs- No universal doctrine & SOPs • Plan inclusively- include non-military players • Know the players and their relevance to the mission • Use the media: Objectives; scope of assistance; exit strategy • Don’t underestimate people’s coping skills

27. Thank you for your attention