Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism

1. Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

3. Section 4British Imperialism in India • East India Company Dominates • British East India Company rules IND until 1850’s • Company has its own army led by Brit officers & staffed by sepoys • Brit’s “Jewel in the Crown”, most valuable colony • British Expand Control Over India • Impact of Colonialism • Brits control political & economic power • Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency, famine • Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes • Brits modernize India’s economy, improve public health Sepoy: Indian soldier

4. Mutiny: to rebel against authority; soldiers rebel against commanding officer Arranged marriage: families decide which couples will marry while they are still children Resent: to be bitter Partition: to divide • The Sepoy Mutiny • INDs rebel • Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles b/c religious reasons • Many are jailed; others mutiny • Turning point • Brits put down rebellion, take direct control of IND • Raj –period of Brit rule after India came under the Brit crown • Nationalism Surfaces in India • Call for reforms • Ram Mohun Roy “father of modern India” • In order to move towards independence, IND needed to end traditional practices like arranged marriages • Nationalist groups form • Indian National Congress & Muslim League form • Nationalists angered by partition of Bengal • Pressure forces Brit to divided it differently

5. British Imperialism in India Effect • East Indian company gains control of India • Railroads transported raw materials from interior to ports & manufactured goods from ports to interior; India becomes more profitable for Britain; India developed a modern economy and was geographically unified • Villagers are no longer self-sufficient; food production declines and famine sets in • British government assumed direct control of India; racism and mutual distrust were intensified • Indians form Indian National Congress and then the Muslim League, which eventually call for self-government • Acts of terrorism forced British to divide province in a different way to avoid open rebellion Cause • East Indian troops defeated Indian forces at the Battle of Plassey after Mughal rule had become weak • British establish a railroad network in India • British restricted Indian owned industries such as cotton textiles and reduced food production in favor cash crops • The Sepoy Mutiny occurs and uprisings spread over much of northern India • Calls by reformers for India to modernize, nationalist feelings, resentment over British discriminatory policies • British partition Bengal into Hindu and Muslim sections