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Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus granulosus. By: Rebecca Rawlings. Quick Review Session…. Common name : Tapeworm Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Platyhelminthes Class : Eucestoda Class : Cestoda Order : Cyclophyllidea Genus : Echinococcus Species : granulosus.

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Echinococcus granulosus

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  1. Echinococcus granulosus By: Rebecca Rawlings

  2. Quick Review Session….. • Common name: Tapeworm • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Platyhelminthes • Class: Eucestoda • Class: Cestoda • Order: Cyclophyllidea • Genus : Echinococcus • Species: granulosus

  3. “Why did it have to be Parasites…….anything but parasites” Echinococcus granulosus Found in recently excavated tomb (1991) outside the “City of David”, Jerusalem Two hollow, pebble-like artifacts were found in the abdominal cavity of an individual buried in a tomb datable to the Herodian period.

  4. More Historical Finds…. Babylonian Talmud Corpus Hippocratorum 4th century BC--Hippocrates 1st century AD—Arataeus 2nd century AD—Galen Babylonian Talmud Hippocrates Galen

  5. The Brains behind it all….. German zoologist who was famous in Russia. 1766—hypothesis that these cysts were the larval stages of tapeworms. 1863—found adult tapeworms in dogs fed with hydatid cysts from a human 1853—demonstrated that Echinococcus cysts from sheep gave rise to adult tapeworms when fed to dogs. 17th Century First man to appreciate the parasitic nature of the cycts

  6. Historical Development--Migration • Echinococcus granulosus was introduced into Australia from Europe. Its lifecycle was unknown. • End of 19th century: Cystic Hydatid Disease was recognized in humans as an important cause of death • End of 20th century: Research contributed… 1) Differentiation of pastoral from wildlife Echinococcus 2) Breaking the ‘epidemiological code’ of the family Taeniidae,

  7. Texas Jerusalem United States

  8. Endemic Areas Central Europe South America Mediterranean countries Middle East Australia & New Zealand South Africa

  9. Crikey!! • Echinococcus granulosus is prevalent in Australia…..but it is most common in the sheep-farming areas • New South Wales • The Australian Capital Territory • Victoria • Eastern Queensland. Scientist believed it arrived in Australia soon after European settlement, probably in infected sheep or dogs.

  10. In Australia…… (Where it Echinococcus granulosus is most prevalent) Farm-dog to sheep cycle Wild ‘reservoir’ cycle

  11. Infrastructure • People who live on farms are most commonly infected. • Direct contact with dogs is the most common way people get Echinococcus granulosus • Also, in Perth pig and kangaroo shooters are susceptible. These shooters feed the offal of their kills to their dogs, which can disease their owners. • Foxes are known to raid suburban areas in search of food. Can distribute eggs into picnic areas and outdoor cafes.

  12. Where it’s cold….. Echinococcus granulosus occurs throughout the holarctic zones of tundra and taiga, from eastern Fennoscandia to the Bering Strait in Eurasia and in North America from arctic Alaska approximately to the northern border of the US. Two natural cycles involve the wolf and wild reindeer & wolf and elk(moose). Both deer are prey of the wolf.

  13. The Alaskan People…. • herding-dogs and domesticated reindeer caused Echinococcus in arctic Eurasia. • Alaska—sled-dogs of hunters became infected by consuming the lungs of wild reindeer. Then, when people became inactive during the winter the villages would become severely contaminated by dog feces. • Because many sled-dogs have been replaced by machines, the cases have gone down a lot. • Echinococcosis is increasing in some of Russia…..dogs are probably used for herding.

  14. Prevent farm dogs from eathing the offal (internal organs) of dead livestock • The second step is to ‘worm’ dogs regualary, which usually involoves feeding them a drug called praziquantel to kill the tapeworm Wash hands, especially after being with animals PREVENTION • Burn carcasses of dead livestock Don’t let a dog lick your face Vaccinate Sheep

  15. Problems….. • Many scientist think eradicating the disease from the Australian mainland is nearly impossible… although farmers are careful, the wild ‘reservoir’ of the disease over powers their efforts. • Wild dogs, dingos and some foxes carry the eggs which infects livestock • Kangaroos, wallabies, and wombats are also susceptible making matters harder to control

  16. Medication Praziquantel Arecoline Surgery

  17. THE END!!

  18. Sites • http://www.awf.gda • www.google.com • www.emedicine.com • http://journals.cambridge.org • http://www.joezias.com • http://www.jstor.org

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