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Marine Pollution

Marine Pollution. By Wan Mariam Wan Abdullah. Marine Pollution.

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Marine Pollution

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  1. Marine Pollution By Wan Mariam Wan Abdullah

  2. Marine Pollution Introduction by man, directly or indirectly of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) resulting to deleterious effects as harms to living resources, hazard to human health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing, impairement of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities (UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission)

  3. Sources of Marine Pollution • Shipping activities – oil, fumes, ballast water, radiation by nuclear-powered ships, garbage, chemicals, liquid gas, radio-active, sewage • Dumping – disposing waste of land based activities, radio-active waste, military materials, sewage, industrial waste • Sea-bed activities – structures, industrial debris, domestic refuse, chemicals • Land-based and atmospheric pollution – sewage, industrial waste, chemicals, fertilisers, pesticides

  4. Framework of international law • Customary: • Art 2 of the High Sea Convention : “with reasonable regard to the interest of other States”. • Obligation of every State “not to allow knowingly its territory to be used for act contrary to the rights of others (Corfu Channel Case 1949 and Trail Smelter Arbitration Case 1938) • Treaties – general multilateral treaties, regional treaties, bilateral treaties and UNCLOS III (Art 192 – 235), Oil Pollution Convention, MARPOL

  5. Change in UNCLOS III

  6. Prescription and Enforcement of Pollution Standards

  7. cont

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