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III. Factors Affecting Solvation (p. 489 – 497)

Ch. 14 – Mixtures & Solutions. III. Factors Affecting Solvation (p. 489 – 497). A. Solvation. Solvation – the process of dissolving. solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles. First. solute particles are separated and pulled into solution. Then. -. +. -. -. +. +.

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III. Factors Affecting Solvation (p. 489 – 497)

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  1. Ch. 14 – Mixtures & Solutions III. Factors Affecting Solvation(p. 489 – 497)

  2. A. Solvation • Solvation – the process of dissolving solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles First... solute particles are separated and pulled into solution Then...

  3. - + - - + + acetic acid salt sugar A. Solvation Non- Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte Strong Electrolyte solute exists as ions and molecules solute exists as ions only solute exists as molecules only DISSOCIATION IONIZATION View animation online.

  4. B. Solvation • Dissociation • separation of an ionic solid into aqueous ions NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

  5. B. Solubility Rules • Molecules are constantly in motion according to… • Kinetic Theory • When particles collide, energy is transferred

  6. B. Solubility Rules • Solubility = amount of a substance that will dissolve in a liquid • Smaller pieces of a substance dissolve faster b/c of larger surface area • Stirring or shaking speeds dissolving b/c particles are moving faster and colliding more • Heating speeds dissolving (see above) • Not all substances dissolve

  7. C. Solubility • Water is universal solvent b/c of its polarity • If something can dissolve in something else, it is said to be soluble • If it cannot dissolve, it is said to be insoluble • “Like dissolves like”

  8. NONPOLAR NONPOLAR POLAR POLAR C. Solubility “Like Dissolves Like”

  9. UNSATURATED SOLUTION more solute dissolves SATURATED SOLUTION no more solute dissolves SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION becomes unstable, crystals form C. Solubility concentration

  10. C. Solubility • Solubility Curves • maximum grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature • varies with temp • based on a saturated soln

  11. C. Solubility • Solubility Curve • shows the dependence of solubility on temperature

  12. C. Solubility • Solids are more soluble at... • high temperatures. • Gases are more soluble at... • low temperatures & • high pressures (Henry’s Law). • EX: nitrogen narcosis, the “bends,” soda

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