1 / 13

Unit 7 – The Islamic World Lesson #2: Spread of Islam

Unit 7 – The Islamic World Lesson #2: Spread of Islam. Warm Up!!!. For today’s warm up, please answer the following questions in complete sentences: What are the ‘rules’ of Islam called? Identify all of the ‘rules’ of Islam. Please provide a one sentence description of each ‘rule’.

matt
Download Presentation

Unit 7 – The Islamic World Lesson #2: Spread of Islam

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Unit 7 – The Islamic WorldLesson #2: Spread of Islam

  2. Warm Up!!! • For today’s warm up, please answer the following questions in complete sentences: • What are the ‘rules’ of Islam called? • Identify all of the ‘rules’ of Islam. Please provide a one sentence description of each ‘rule’. • In what geographic region of the world did Islam originate?

  3. Early Teachings • Muhammad began preaching Islam in Mecca, but was met with resistance • Local leaders believed Muhammad to be a threat to their power and prosperity • Feared Mecca would lose its role as a pilgrimage location

  4. As a result of persecution, Muhammad decided to flee Mecca • Hejira: Migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina (“city of the Prophet”) in 622 • Became a political, religious, and military leader who united most of the Arabian peninsula under Islam • Islamic ideas spread through trade routes between Medina and Mecca • Muhammad returned to Mecca and the people converted to Islam • Muhammad died in 632 after returning to Mecca

  5. Rise of the Caliphs • Muhammad failed to name a successor, so the Muslim community elected leaders, known as caliphs (spiritual leaders of Islam) • The area controlled by the caliph was known as the caliphate

  6. Four followers of Muhammad (“Rightly Guided Caliphate”) served as caliphs following Muhammad’s death: Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali • Used the Qur’an and teachings of Muhammad to teach and spread Islam • Continued to expand the influence of Islam by using strong military force • Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia as the Byzantine and Persian empires became weaker creating an Islamic Empire

  7. Rise of the Caliphs (cont.) • Ali was assassinated in 661 over a struggle for power • Lack of stability-three of the first four caliphs were assassinated

  8. Major Caliphates • The Islamic Empire was controlled by ruling families (caliphates) • After the death of Muhammad, Muslim leaders encouraged jihad (“holy war”) to spread the faith-spread through most of Egypt and North Africa, Spain, and into France.

  9. Umayyad Caliphate • Established a hereditary system to chose future caliphs • Moved the capital from Medina to Damascus (modern-day Syria) • Easier to rule the vast empire, but many felt it was too far from holy land • Abandoned traditional life of caliphs and lived a life of luxury

  10. Islam Splits • The question over leadership and actions of the Umayyad led to a split into two groups: • Sunnis: “People of Tradition and Community” • Believed that the first four caliphs were chosen correctly • Majority of Muslims today • Shi’a (Shi’ites): “Party of Ali” • Believed Ali and his heirs were the rightful successors to Muhammad • Believed all caliphs should be direct descendents of Muhammad

  11. The most serious threat to the empire was the split between Sunnis and Shi’ites over control of the Islamic world • This split between Sunnis and Shi’a has been a source of conflict in the Muslim world since the death of Ali. • Abbasid Caliphate • The Umayyads were overthrown in 750 by the Abbasids (established the Abbasid Caliphate) • Advanced Islam as far as Tours in Northern France • Islamic army defeated by Charles Martel’s Frankish army in 732 at the Battle of Tours

  12. Abbasid Caliphate, Cont’d • Moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad (modern-day Iraq) - more central to trade in the region • Ruled over the Islamic Golden Age-prosperous era when many significant Islamic contributions were made

  13. Fatimid Dynasty • Rival dynasty that controlled North Africa and the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula • Despite rivalry, Muslims worked together to control trade in the numerous ports along the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean • The Islamic Empire was a powerful and influential empire until 1258 when Baghdad was conquered by the Mongols.

More Related