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Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

Human Health and Environmental Toxicology. Human Health. 2 indicators of human health Life expectancy – Infant mortality -. Highly Developed Countries. Health is generally good in these countries Average life expectancy Men = 76 years Women = 81 years Leading causes of death in US

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Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

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  1. Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

  2. Human Health 2 indicators of human health Life expectancy – Infant mortality -

  3. Highly Developed Countries Health is generally good in these countries Average life expectancy Men = 76 years Women = 81 years Leading causes of death in US Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Lung Disease Premature deaths caused by lifestyle Poor diet, Lack of exercise, Smoking, Obesity

  4. Developing Countries Biggest problems Malnutrition, unsafe water, poor sanitation Life Expectancy ~65 years, can be 45yrs Childhood mortality is high __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

  5. Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Emerging Disease – _________________ ___________________________________ Ex: AIDS, lime disease, West Nile Virus Reemerging Disease – ______________________________________________________________________ Ex: tuberculosis, yellow fever, malaria

  6. Reasons for Emergence/Reemergence Evolution of disease so it transitions to human host Evolution of antibiotic resistance in disease Urbanization and overcrowding Increased pop. of elderly - susceptible to disease Pollution and environmental degradation International travel and commerce Poverty and social inequality

  7. Environmental Pollution and Disease

  8. Persistence Chemicals that are extremely stable and may take many years to be broken down by natural processes Synthetic chemicals Ex: DDT

  9. Bioaccumulation The buildup of a persistent toxic substance _____________________, often in fatty tissues

  10. Biomagnification ________________________________________________________________________________

  11. Endocrine Disrupters ______________________________________________________________________________ Ex: PCBs, Dioxins Heavy metals - lead and mercury DDT BPA Parabens Phthalates?

  12. Endocrine Disrupters Case Study: 1980 chemical spill into Lake Apopka, FL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hP6eu-87Wk

  13. Toxicology Acute toxicity ________________________________________________________________________ Chronic toxicity ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  14. Toxicity LD50 ____________________________________

  15. Toxicity ED50 Effective dose causes 50% of the pop. to exhibit whatever effect is under study

  16. Children more susceptible to chemicals Weigh less than adults Bodies are still developing Play on floors and lawns Put things into their mouths http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpwu8DOmzoU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ognIAmUu-HU&feature=related Children and Chemical Exposure

  17. Chemical Mixtures Chemical Mixtures interact by: Additivity Synergy Antagonism

  18. Ecotoxicology Dilution Paradigm is not valid __________________________________ Boomerang Paradigm is accepted ________________________________________________________________________

  19. Case Study: The Ocean Land based nutrient and pollution runoff into ocean is affecting microorganisms Ex: Red Tide

  20. Risk Assessment

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