The English Civil War & the Restoration Colonies

1. The English Civil War &the Restoration Colonies Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662

2. Parliament & King Charles I • Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings • Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights: • No taxation without Parliament’s approval • No quartering of troops in private homes and no martial law in peacetime • Right to trial by jury & due process of law King Charles I (1625-49)

3. The Civil War & Commonwealth • Parliament won the Civil War (1642-45) • Charles escaped in 1647, but recaptured in 1648 & executed Jan. 30, 1649 • The Commonwealth was a republic, but Oliver Cromwell became dictator • After his death, monarchy restored in 1660 Oliver Cromwell

4. The Restoration Colonies • King Charles II granted New Netherlands to his brother James in 1664 – became New York • James granted southern portion to investors – became New Jersey • King granted Carolina to a different group of investors in 1663 (split in 1729) • King granted Pennsylvania to William Penn in 1681 King Charles II (1660-85)

5. The Middle Colonies

6. New York & New Jersey • Duke of York’s charter granted him all land between Connecticut & Delaware Rivers • Connecticut received royal charter in 1662 • Boundary settled in 1683 • New Jersey granted to John Berkeley & George Carteret • divided it into East & West Jersey in 1676 • Reunited in 1702

7. Penn’s Woods • William Penn wanted haven for fellow Quakers • Established religious toleration for all, so German pietists flocked there • Tried to treat Indians fairly • Philadelphia soon became largest city in colonies • Purchased 3 Lower Counties (Delaware) in 1682 to secure access to sea

8. Carolina • First colonized by Spanish in 1526 • Charles II granted it to 8 favorites in 1663 • “Grand Model” constitution (written by John Locke) tried to est. feudal system • Rice became staple crop by 1690; indigo in 1740s • South Carolina became royal colony in 1719 • North Carolina became royal colony in 1729

9. James II & the Dominion of New England • King James II consolidated all northern colonies into Dominion of New England • Viceroy = Edmund Andros • Forced rel. toleration • Stripped local governments of power • Required landowners to pay annual quitrent • James was openly Catholic, but daughters Mary & Anne were Protestant King James II (1685-88)

10. The Glorious Revolution(1688-89) • Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary & husband William of Orange to take throne in 1688 • William defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne in Northern Ireland (July 1, 1690) • William & Mary accepted Bill of Rights • New colonial charters granted in 1691 • Plymouth merged into Mass. Bay William III & Mary II The Battle of the Boyne

11. Social Contract Theory of Government • John Locke published Two Treatises on Government in 1690 • Man originally in state of nature, with natural rights • Life • Liberty • Property • Government = contract between people to protect rights • If gov’t doesn’t protect rights, people have right of revolution John Locke

12. The Stuart & Hanover Dynasties • Act of Succession (1701) said monarch must always be Protestant • Act of Union (1707) merged England & Scotland into the United Kingdom