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The History of Slavery and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

This informative article explores the history of slavery, the struggle for civil rights, and key events that shaped the United States. Topics covered include the compromise over counting slaves for representation, abolition, the Underground Railroad, the Civil War, Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws, the Ku Klux Klan, segregation, significant legal wins, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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The History of Slavery and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

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  1. 3/5 Compromise • agreement on how to count slaves for representation in Congress

  2. "It is found by experience, that freed Negroes and mulattoes are idle and slothful, and often prove burdensome to the neighborhood wherein they live, and are of evil examples to slaves.“ Delaware's Act of 1767

  3. free statesslave states • where slavery was illegal, i.e. Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, California, Oregon • where slavery was legal, i.e. South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi

  4. Abolition The Underground Railroad • movement to make slavery illegal • system that helped slaves escape and travel to free states or Canada

  5. Civil War • a conflict of both economics and racism

  6. Thirteenth AmendmentFifteenth Amendment • law that made slavery illegal in the US • law that gave all men the right to vote in the US, regardless of race/color

  7. Reconstruction • period after the Civil War when the Confederate states were supposed to be rebuilt or improved

  8. Jim Crowblack face • all the stereotypes of black people; also laws and attitudes towards black people after the Civil War • a racist form of ‘entertainment’ where white people dress up as black people

  9. share cropping • system of agriculture that kept black people in poverty after the Civil War

  10. Ku Klux Klan • racist organization started by former Confederate soldiers and supporter

  11. segregation • system of laws and behavior that kept black and white people separate for about 100 years

  12. Brown v. Board of Education • first major legal win in the Civil Rights movement, involving a little girl in 1954

  13. The Little Rock Nine • black high school students in 1957 who wanted to attend a school that previously had only had white students

  14. Greenboro lunch counter sit-ins • a peaceful demonstration started by university students in 1960 in North Carolina

  15. voter intimidation • method of keeping undesirable people (i.e. blacks) from exercising their political rights as citizens

  16. Lynchings in the United States

  17. Emmett Till • a 14-year-old black boy who was murdered for whistling at a white woman in 1955; one of the major events that sparked the Civil Rights movement

  18. Medgar Evers • a political activist murdered by the KKK in 1963

  19. Loving v. Virginia • a black and white couple got married, but moved to a place where that was illegal; their battle changed the laws across the US

  20. Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1968 • law that made it illegal to discriminate against people in general based on race • law that made it illegal to discriminate against people in housing (i.e. who you sold a house or rented an apartment to) based on race

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