Smart Distribution Automation and Management System

1. Smart Distribution Automation and Management System 11th Nov 2010

2. Index • Introduction • Distribution Automation • Necessity • Technology • Challenges • Better Power Quality • Drivers • Power quality products • Efficient Power Utilization • Different efficient power utilization • Efficient utilization solution

3. Introduction 3

4. Issues in Distribution System • Reliability • - Continuity of power supply • - Fault detection, isolation, service restoration after fault • Quality • - Voltage, power factor, Harmonics, Frequency variations • Efficiency • - Technical losses, commercial loss • Unplanned Growth of Electric Power Network • - In Distribution; cause of difficulty in Management of the network • Complexity • - Of network, Of technology • Cost • - Implementation cost, maintenance cost • Time • - To meet the requirement of customer within shortest time

5. Distribution Automation 5

6. Distribution Automation - Necessity • To measure, protection control and monitor the components which are remotely located outside the substation • To integrate all substations within a circle and all such components which are remotely located outside the substation for performance analysis • To make the fault detection and automatic isolation • To integrate automatic meter reading to avoid manipulation and loss of revenue by integrating DA with Automatic Billing and Collection Centre • To maintain load shedding schedule automatically • To monitor network topology and network components (assets) using GIS (Geographical Information System). • To increase overall efficiency, reliability. • To make operation and maintenance easy • To save the time gap between a trouble call by a customer and actual service by integrating DA and Trouble Call Management

7. Distribution Automation - Technology • Components of Distribution Network:- 1) Transformers 2) Ring Main Units 3) Substations • Basic Components of Automation:- • Master Distribution Automation Software • Engineering analysis software • Data Acquisition and Control Hardware like RTU, Relays, Digital Multifunction Meters, Remote Tap Changer • Communication Hardware • Basic Features:- • Monitoring • Control • Protection

8. Distribution Automation - Technology • Necessary Functions:- • System Level • Monitoring • Control • Substation Automation • Feeder Automation • Customer Level • Remote Meter Reading and Billing • Load management • Customer Automation

9. Distribution Automation - Technology • Monitoring and Control Functions:- • Data Monitoring • Data logging • Analog Data freeze • Remote Meter Reading and Billing • Automatic Bus/ Feeder Sectionalizing • Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration • Feeder Reconfiguration and Substation Transformer Load Balancing • Substation Transformer overload • Integrated Volt/ VAR Control • Capacitor Control • Voltage Control • Emergency Load Shedding • Load Control

10. Distribution Automation - Technology Global Architecture of Distribution Automation and Management System

11. Distribution Automation - Technology Types of Communication between various component of Distribution Network:- • GPRS • PLCC • Leased Line communication on Local wired telephone network • PSTN Dial up connectivity • Fiber Optic Network • Satellite Communication (V-sat)

12. Color Inkjet Printer Dual Monitor Workstations Laser Printer Redundant SCADA Server Dot Matrix GPS Receiver Print Server GPS Master Clock Line Printer Router IDS Redundant CFE Redundant ISR Processors With External RAID Storage Router WEB Server Distribution Automation - Technology SCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre

13. LAN AT MCC CFE CFE SWITCH ROUTER E1 E1 E1 E1 LEASED LINE CONNECTIVITY BY 2 LINES OF 2MBPS E1 E1 E1 E1 TELEPHONE EXCHANGE DATA HIGHWAY TELEPHONE EXCHANGE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE HDSL MODEM HDSL MODEM 64 KBPS LEASED LINE 64 KBPS LEASED LINE HDSL MODEM HDSL MODEM SWITCH SWITCH RTU REDUNDANT COMM RTU REDUNDANT COMM SS #1 SS #N Distribution Automation - Technology SCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre

14. ISR SERVER SCADA/DMS CONTROL CENTER LAN MBC MBC 2 MBPS LEASED LINE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE ROUTER DATA HIGH WAY TELEPHONE EXCHANGE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE HDSL HDSL 64KPBS LEASED LINE 64KPBS LEASED LINE HDSL HDSL SWITCH SWITCH Remote HT Meter BCC#N BCC#1 Distribution Automation - Technology Billing Management System

15. IVR SERVER APPLICATION SERVER Workstations 10 N0. Color Inkjet Printer EPABX Dot Matrix Line Printer WORKS STATION PC ADMINISTATION WEB SERVER Router Distribution Automation - Technology Trouble Call Management System

16. Challenges in Distribution • Covering Large Area • Geographical and atmospheric Problems • Interoperability Issues • Huge Data Handling • Data storage and related care • Care of future expansion

17. Power Quality 17

18. Power Quality (PQ) Drivers • Penalties by utilities drive harmonic filter sales • Transition to PC-based controls in manufacturing plants • IEEE standards foster the use of harmonic filters • Rising energy costs promote harmonic filter market • Reduced equipment life drives harmonic filter market • Losses in production due to tripping and shutdowns incite sales • Shift from electric to electronic loads spurs market growth • Environmental considerations instigate harmonic filter market • Increase in Nonlinear Loads ignites harmonic filter demand Ref:- WORLD HARMONIC FILTER MARKETS , Frost & Sullivan, 2009

19. Nonlinear, Harmonic Causing Loads • Electronic equipment such as PC • Battery chargers • Lighting dimmer controls • Fluorescent lights • Welders • Electronic ballasts • Printers • Photocopiers • Fax machines • VFD All Above PQ damagers are mandatory for today's developed World. Hence PQ products is getting popular

20. PQ Products • Mechanical Switched Capacitor • Current based • p.f based • Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) • STATCOM • LV (415V, extendable up to 690V), ratings 110kVAR, 200kVAR, 500kVAR • LV (415V) 1-ph STATCOM, 100kVAR & module paralleling for high power rating • MV (11kV and above) STATCOM • Voltage dip compensator • Thyristor “Q” Compensator

21. STATCOM • Input source current is sensed by DSP • DSP calculates harmonic components of the input current and reactive input power. • Counter harmonics and reactive power control is generated by the DSP driven Power Electronics and fed to power circuit • Thus the harmonics and reactive power is compensated by active filter

22. CGL STATCOM • 32 bit TI DSP controlling high speed IGBT • Algorithm on synchronous rotating reference frame i.e in DQ co-ordinates leading better harmonic attenuation ratio and better PF correction • Closed loop active filter with source current sensing • High attenuation of individual harmonics • Programmable selective harmonic elimination • PF compensation, leading as well as lagging • Selection between PF and harmonic compensation • IGBT based inverter design • Many units can be used in parallel i.e modular • Self current limit present, when overloaded. • Graphics LCD display for local monitoring and setting.

23. Efficient Power Utilization 23

24. Efficient Power Utilization • Efficient Motors • High efficiency motors, ECM (BLDC, SRM..) • Efficient Pump • ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven high speed pump, Intelligent/smart pu • Efficient Appliances • Intelligent/smart appliance, ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven fan • Efficient Lighting • CFL, HID, IL, LED • Lighting Automation • Building Management System, Office Management Systems • Street light automation

25. The System—Street Light Automation

26. System Features • Easy to install with wireless (GPRS) connectivity to data server • 32 bit microcontroller based embedded system for control panel • Remote control (ON-OFF) • Remote Monitoring (V, I, [P, KWh] etc..) • Astronomical Timer based ON-OFF • Ambient Light intensity based On-Off using IR sensing. • Load voltage regulation • Availability of load control and dimming schemes to save electricity. • Time synchronization with the server. • Web based SCADA • Instant fault reporting via SMS along with the probable fault details. • Event and fault Logging • Customizable MIS report generation • GIS (Geographical Information System) for location & status information

27. System Firmware • FreeRTOS: based design • Self Diagnostic Features during boot time • GPRS Communication • Protocol Support: MODBUS, BACnet • IEC 60730 Standard based boot code • Astronomical Clock for precise Sun rise and Set time calculation • Instant SMS alerts in case of faults • Watchdog ensures failsafe operation • Ergonomic principles considered for local HMI design for best user friendliness

28. System SCADA • Running on Robust RedHat Linux Operating System • Few thousand concurrent communication threads • Open source database connectivity with MySQL • Maintains user and panel transaction database • Provides configuration and control • Provide time synchronization • Monitors user license period for communication support • Governs user attributes to reflect hierarchy

29. System Web Server • Open Source “JBOSS” web server • Java Server Pages and Java script for client side validation • Supported Browsers: Mozilla and IE5 and above • GIS Interface to locate Installation Site

30. Thank You 30