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Part 2 Gender and HIV/AIDS

Part 2 Gender and HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS IS A GENDER ISSUE BECAUSE: I Although HIV effects both men and women , women are more vulnerable because of biological, social, religious and economic factors. Gender and HIV/AIDS. According to UNAIDS global reports 2010

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Part 2 Gender and HIV/AIDS

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  1. Part 2Gender and HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS IS A GENDER ISSUE BECAUSE: I Although HIV effects both men and women, women are more vulnerable because of biological, social, religious and economic factors.

  2. Gender and HIV/AIDS According to UNAIDS global reports 2010 • In 2002, 46% of 33.4 million adults living with HIV/AIDS were women. • 55% of the 16,000 new infections occurring daily are women.

  3. Gender and HIV/AIDS • A trend observed in some countries the male to female ratio among HIV infected persons has begun to equalise. • In fact in some of the worst affected countries, women outnumber men. Bottom line: In sub-Saharan Africa women increasingly make up the majority of People living with HIV/AIDS.

  4. Gender and HIV/AIDS What is the number of women living with HIV/AIDS in your country?

  5. Gender and HIV/AIDS II The rapidity of the spread of HIV/AIDS among women can be slowed only if changes are brought in the sexual behaviour of men. • A behaviour study commissioned by USAID in India shows that 82% of the male STI patients had sexual intercourse with multiple partners within 12 months and only 12 percent had used a condom.

  6. Gender and HIV/AIDS • A study of female youth in South Africa showed that 71% of the girls had experienced sex against their will.

  7. Gender and HIV/AIDS III feminized poverty and women’s limited voice in decision-making • Poverty pushes some women into sex industry. • Young girls are particularly vulnerable and they often have no power to insist on safer sex.

  8. Gender and HIV/AIDS • Lack of education for girls results in low exposure to HIV/AIDS education messages due to low literacy rate. • The burden of care for sick family members falls on women in the family.

  9. GBV and HIV/AIDS What is the link between HIV/AIDS and GBV?

  10. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Low power in relationship and intimate partner violence increase the risk of HIV infection incident. • Forced sex is correlated to HIV risk. • Survivors of violence tend to engage in behaviors that put their health at risk. • Proposing condom use may increase women’s risk of violence. • Disclosing HIV status may increase risk of violence and abuse.

  11. GBV and HIV/AIDS Why should Health/HIV project address GBV?

  12. GBV and HIV/AIDS • GBV is a major cause of death and disability among women. • Health project can be more effective if it recognizes reproductive health (RH) implications of GBV. • Health providers who do not ask about gender-based violence may misdiagnose survivors or offer inappropriate care.

  13. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Providers may be the first point of contact for women. • Providers can assist women, rather than inadvertently putting women at further risk. • Healthcare organizations can raise awareness of GBV as a public health problem.

  14. GBV and HIV/AIDS Use a “systems approach,” which entails: • An institutional commitment to GBV • Sexual harassment policies • Patient privacy and confidentiality

  15. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Awareness of local GBV laws • Ongoing training and support for staff • Referral networks to link survivors to legal aid, counselling, shelters, etc.

  16. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Protocols for the care of survivors. • Emergency supplies such as STI prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and emergency contraception (EC), where supported by the government.

  17. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Educational materials on GBV for clients • Data collection systems • Monitoring and evaluation of quality of care

  18. GBV and HIV/AIDS How can Health/HIV project address GBV?

  19. GBV and HIV/AIDS Support efforts to fully integrate attention to GBV within existing health programs, such as • Long-term efforts to sensitize and train health professionals about GBV; • “Routine screening” or “routine enquiry” policies ONLY when programs have basic protections for women; and

  20. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Participation of healthcare organizations in broader prevention efforts, referral networks, advocacy campaigns. • Do not duplicate services that already exist. • Health programs should try to identify the most economically feasible, cost-effective, and sustainable social services to provide.

  21. GBV and HIV/AIDS Why should Health Policy project address GBV?

  22. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Assist in drafting policies and approaches for the health service response to GBV. • Reframe the policy debate about GBV as a public health and human rights issue. • Produce and use research on magnitude of GBV to convince policymakers that • They should address GBV; and • Gaps exist in the legal and civil codes.

  23. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Standardize health sector policies and appropriate GBV interventions at the institutional level.

  24. GBV and HIV/AIDS How can Health Policy project address GBV?

  25. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Research and dissemination of GBV findings • Public and private coalitions that design and implement GBV public policy approaches • Efforts to educate key groups and broader population about GBV as a public health problem and the linkage to HIV/AIDS

  26. GBV and HIV/AIDS Why is it important working with Youth in addressing GBV and HIV/AIDS?

  27. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Substantial proportions of girls and young women experience sexual violence around the world. • Violence by intimate partners often begins within the first years of dating and marriage. • Sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence has been linked to numerous poor health consequences.

  28. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Youth sexual activity is not always voluntary or consensual. • Youth programs are an ideal opportunity to further GBV prevention because attitudes gender and violence are still forming.

  29. GBV and HIV/AIDS How can Youth work address GBV and HIV/AIDS?

  30. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Require all reproductive health programming for youth to address sexual coercion and abuse • Support initiatives that improve family, peer, and community environments, such as • Efforts to promote gender-equitable norms and non-violence among young men

  31. GBV and HIV/AIDS • Efforts to empower girls. • Efforts to improve the institutional response to young survivors of GBV. • Efforts to increase safety of girls and young women in educational settings.

  32. THANK YOU

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