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Chapter 8 Unification of China

Chapter 8 Unification of China. Qin & Han Dynasties. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E. Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion Book burnings  targeted Confucianists

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Chapter 8 Unification of China

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  1. Chapter 8 Unification of China Qin & Han Dynasties

  2. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E. • Established China’s first empire  • Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) • Legalist rule  • Bureaucratic administration • Centralized control • Military expansion • Book burnings  targetedConfucianists • Buried protestors alive! • Built large section of the Great Wall

  3. Shi Huangdi unites China!! • Shi Huangdi introduces: • standardized laws • Currencies • Standardized weights & measures • Uniform script (spoken different, written same)

  4. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army terra cotta

  5. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

  6. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers& Cavalrymen

  7. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers& Cavalrymen

  8. Cavalry

  9. Individual Soldiers

  10. The Details of an Individual Soldier

  11. Individual “Tombs”

  12. The Great Wall with Towers

  13. The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

  14. Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E. • Liu Bang led peasant revolt against the Qin • Expanded into Central Asia

  15. The Han Dynasty • More relaxed Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) replaced “tyrannical” Qin rule. • Han Wudi promoted more centralized rule, established university based on Confucianism, invaded Vietnam, Korea. Pottery model of a palace of a Han Dynasty tomb. Photo by Professor Gary Lee Todd, 2007.

  16. Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E. • Started public schools. • Colonized Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam. • Civil service system  • bureaucrats • Confucian scholar-gentry

  17. Han Economics • Iron manufacturing helps food production, military. • Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many

  18. Han – Roman Empire Connection

  19. Chang’anThe Han Capital

  20. Han Artifacts Imperial Seal Han Ceramic House

  21. Ceramics, Later Han Period

  22. Trade Routes of the Ancient World

  23. Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk Road

  24. Wang Mang ”The Socialist Emperor” • Military Expenses cause tax increase, dissent. • Wang Mang deposes boy emperor, institutes massive social reforms. His 14-year reign ended in assassination. Wang Mang promoted land redistribution, other reforms.

  25. Han Gender Roles • Patriarchal society promotes female subservience. During the Han Dynasty, the Chinese invented the paper-making process.

  26. "Even though you sleep intimately on the same bed and use the same cover with him, you must treat your husband as if he were your king or your father.” -Confucian marriage manual

  27. Admonitions for Women, Madam Ban Zhao, Female Confucian philosopher and historian, (ca. 45-116 CE): • "Let a woman modestly yield to others; let her respect others; let her put others first, herself. last." "Lay the (girl) baby (at birth) below the bed to plainly indicate that she is lowly and weak, and should regard it as her primary duty to humble herself before others." "A husband can marry twice, but his wife must never remarry. Just as Heaven cannot be disobeyed, so the wife cannot keep away from her husband." "As Yin and Yang are not the same nature, so man and woman have different characteristics....Man is honored for strength; a woman is beautiful on account of her gentleness."

  28. Social Classes under the Han

  29. Technology under the Han

  30. Civil Service under the Han • Over 130,000 employees • 18 ranks of employees • Civil service exams • Confucian principles described the qualities that emperors wanted in civil servants • Wudi set up a Confucian-themed school • Formal examinations in Confucianism, history, law, and literature for civil service positions • Theoretically a merit-based system • But poor could not afford to educate their children • In effect until the downfall of China’s last dynasty in 1912

  31. Review Questions • What dynasty preceded the Han? • Who founded the Han dynasty? • Imagine that you are a Chinese soldier relocated to former Xiongnu lands. What might your life be like? • Explain how the civil service system both was and was not a merit-based system. • Describe Chinese technological advances under the Han.

  32. John Green’s Crash Course: Mandate of Heaven and Confucianism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4

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