Journal 1-17

1. Journal 1-17 What do you know about the conditions of the slave ships during the 1600s-1800s?

2. Agenda 9/8/14 Journal Triangular Slave Trade Middle Passage (Writing) Stars

3. Triangular Slave Trade Called it the “Golden Triangular Trade” because it was profitable Slave ships would leave Europe, go to West Africa, and finally, to the Americas

4. How did the slave trade begin? There were originally slaves in Africa due to tribal wars. Whoever won the war would often take the losers as slaves. The Portuguese recognized that they could use slaves for profit, and they began raiding African villages for slaves. However, eventually the villagers expected this raiding and they fought back. To fix this problem, the Portuguese made a deal with African authorities (tribe leaders). They would give them textiles, rum, and most importantly, guns if the tribal leaders traded them slaves.

5. Ships Ships: “Tight-packers” : carried 1,000 enslaved people “Loose-packers” : carried 250 enslaved people

6. The Middle Passage The Middle Passage is the voyage from the African Coast across the Atlantic. Somewhere from 10 to 20 percent (about 2 million people overall) died on the Middle Passage. http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-middle-passage.htm

7. North American Involvement Colonial North American ships began to participate in the slave trade as early as the 1640s. Almost all of colonial America’s slave ships originated in New England New England developed what came to be known as the Triangular Trade.

8. Eventually, the people in New England began buying slaves because they wanted free labor. Triangular Trade Ships carried sugar and molasses from the Caribbean to New England where colonists distilled it into rum. Merchants shipped this rum to Africa where it was exchanged for slaves. The slaves were then carried back to the Caribbean to produce more sugar.

9. Read each quote closely in pairs. Do three things: • Underline the name of the person who wrote/said each quote, who they were (slave, surgeon, etc.), and who the audience of the quote might have been. • Circle any words that you do not understand • Underline any emotionally charged (negative or positive) words. (You might also want to write a N or P above words that you underline). Quotes about Slave Ships

10. Writing Workshop: PEET Paragraph Point: Make an argument: What do you think the conditions were like on the slave ships? Evidence: What is your main reason for thinking this? Take at least two pieces of evidence from quotes! Elaboration: Explain your evidence further. How does your evidence support your point/argument? Does it matter who said the quote? Who the audience was? Tieback: Conclusion: Tie it back to your point! No new information.

11. Writing Workshop: Example I think that the slave ships in the 1600s to 1800s had fair conditions for the slaves. I believe this to be true because, as slave ship owner James Penny said in 1792, “when they [slaves] come upon deck, there are two men attending with cloths to rub them perfectly dry, and to give them a little cordial.” He also added that on the slave ships, the slaves were supplied with pipes and tobacco and were able to play and listen to music. Since he owned a slave ship, he would have known what the conditions were like. Therefore, the slave ships in the 1600s and 1800s probably had decent conditions for the slaves.