7.1 Los reflexivos

1. 7.1 Los reflexivos Reflexive verbs Verbs used with reflexive pronouns

2. Object Pronouns: This lesson refers to reflexive verbs. However, it might be helpful to think of reflexive constructions as verbs that use reflexive pronouns. This is because many verbs can be used with or without reflexive pronouns. Reflexive Indirect Direct me nos me nos me nos te os te os te os se se le les lo/la los/las

3. A reflexive verb is most commonly used to indicate that the subject does something to or for himself or herself. • In other words, it “reflects” the action of the verb back to the subject. Reflexive verbs always use reflexive pronouns. (me, te, se, nos, os, se) SUBJECTREFLEXIVE VERB Joaquínse ducha por la mañana. Joaquín showers (gets showered) in the morning.

4. ¡ATENCIÓN! • Except for se, reflexive pronouns have the same forms as direct and indirect object pronouns. • Seis used for both singular and plural subjects —there is no individual plural form. Pablo se lava. Ellos se lavan. The word ses does not exist!

5. In the dictionary, the pronoun se attached to an infinitive identifies the verb as reflexive, and often translates as “oneself.” (It can also be translated “to get”/”to become”) lavarse (to wash oneself) (to get washed) • When a reflexive verb is conjugated, the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject. Pronouns match up with the conjugated verb. me yo form nos nosotros form te tú form os vosotros form se Ud., él, ella forms se Uds., ellos, ellas forms Me afeito. I shave myself. Te despiertas a las siete. You wake up at 7:00.

7. COMPARE & CONTRAST • Unlike English, a number of verbs in Spanish can be reflexive or non-reflexive. If the verb acts upon the subject, the reflexive form is used. If the verb acts upon something other than the subject, the non-reflexive form is used. Compare these sentences. Lola lava los platos. Lola se lava la cara. • Reflexive verbs sometimes have different meanings than their non-reflexive counterparts. For example, lavar means to wash, while lavarse means to wash oneself, to wash up, to get washed.

8. ¡ATENCIÓN! • When used with a reflexive verb, parts of the body or clothing are generally not referred to with possessives, but with the definite article (el, los, la, las) or with the indefinite article (un, una, unos, unas). La niña se quitó los zapatos. Necesito cepillarme los dientes. El chico se pone una corbata.

9. NOTE: A reflexive pronoun can serve as a direct object pronoun or as an indirect object pronoun. • Me lavo. I wash myself. (I get washed.) D.O.P. • Me pongo la chaqueta. I put the jacketon me . D.O. I.O. pronoun In any case, the reflexive pronoun ALWAYS agrees with the subject of the conjugated verb.

10. To sit down sentarse • To fall down caerse • To stand up levantarse • Toshutup callarse • To get sick enfermarse • To become happy alegrarse Verbs that end in up and down in English, are reflexive in Spanish. When English usesgetor become with a verb, Spanish uses reflexive constructions. (Spanish does not literally translate the words up, down, get, become.)

11. Like object pronouns, reflexive pronouns generally appear before a conjugated verb. • With infinitives and present participles, they may be placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or present participle. Ellos se van a vestir. Ellos van a vestirse. They are going to get dressed. Nos estamos lavando las manos. Estamos lavándonos las manos. We are washing our hands.

12. ¡ATENCIÓN! • When a reflexive pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress: bañando bañándose afeitando afeitándose

13. Common reflexive verbs

14. Common reflexive verbs

15. Common reflexive verbs

16. ¡INTÉNTALO! Indica el presente de los verbos reflexivos que siguen. • despertarse (e-ie in the present) • Mis hermanos ____ tarde. • se despiertan • 2. Tú ____ tarde. • te despiertas • 3. Nosotros ____ tarde. • nos despertamos • 4. Benito ____ tarde. • se despierta • 5. Yo ____ tarde. • me despierto

17. 6. Ustedes ____ tarde. se despiertan 7. Ella ____ tarde. se despierta 8. Adriana y yo ____ tarde. nos despertamos 9. Ellos ____ tarde. se despiertan

18. ¡INTÉNTALO!Indica el presente de los verbos reflexivos que siguen. • ponerse • Él ____ una chaqueta. • se pone • 2. Yo ____ una chaqueta. • me pongo • 3. Usted ____ una chaqueta. • se pone • 4. Nosotros ____ una chaqueta. • nos ponemos

19. 5. Las niñas ____ una chaqueta. se ponen 6.Tú ____ una chaqueta. te pones 7.El botones ____ una chaqueta. se pone 8. Beatriz y Gil ____ una chaqueta. se ponen 9. Ustedes ____ una chaqueta. se ponen