The Furnace of Civil War, 1861–1865

Chapter 21 The Furnace of Civil War, 1861–1865

Question All of the following were true of the first battle of Bull Run EXCEPT • the Union army was ill-prepared for battle, but the press and the public clamored for action. • Lincoln eventually concluded that an attack on a smaller Confederate force at Bull Run might be worth a try. • “Stonewall” Jackson’s gray-clad warriors stood like a stone wall, and Confederate reinforcements arrived unexpectedly. • panic seized the Confederates, many of whom fled, while the Union troops feasted on captured lunches.

Answer All of the following were true of the first battle of Bull Run EXCEPT • the Union army was ill-prepared for battle, but the press and the public clamored for action. • Lincoln eventually concluded that an attack on a smaller Confederate force at Bull Run might be worth a try. • “Stonewall” Jackson’s gray-clad warriors stood like a stone wall, and Confederate reinforcements arrived unexpectedly. • panic seized the Confederates, many of whom fled, while the Union troops feasted on captured lunches. (correct) Hint: See pages 481–482.

Question All of the following were true of the Peninsula Campaign EXCEPT • McClellan at last decided upon a waterborne approach to Richmond. • after taking a month to capture Yorktown, McClellan finally came within sight of Richmond. • Lincoln diverted troops from chasing “Stonewall” Jackson, who seemed to put Washington in jeopardy, to reinforcing McClellan. • Union forces abandoned the Campaign as a costly failure, and Lincoln abandoned McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.

Answer All of the following were true of the Peninsula Campaign EXCEPT • McClellan at last decided upon a waterborne approach to Richmond. • after taking a month to capture Yorktown, McClellan finally came within sight of Richmond. • Lincoln diverted troops from chasing “Stonewall” Jackson, who seemed to put Washington in jeopardy, to reinforcing McClellan. (correct) • Union forces abandoned the Campaign as a costly failure, and Lincoln abandoned McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. Hint: See pages 483–484.

Question All of the following were true of the battle of the Merrimack & Monitor EXCEPT • Southerners raised and reconditioned a former wooden U.S. warship, the Monitor, and plated its sides with old iron railroad rails. • renamed the Virginia, the Merrimack destroyed two wooden ships of the Union navy in the Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay. • the Virginia threatened catastrophe to the entire Yankee blockading fleet. • the little “Yankee cheesebox on a raft,” the Monitor fought the wheezy Merrimack to a standstill.

Answer All of the following were true of the battle of the Merrimack & Monitor EXCEPT • Southerners raised and reconditioned a former wooden U.S. warship, the Monitor, and plated its sides with old iron railroad rails. (correct) • renamed the Virginia, the Merrimack destroyed two wooden ships of the Union navy in the Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay. • the Virginia threatened catastrophe to the entire Yankee blockading fleet. • the little “Yankee cheesebox on a raft,” the Monitor fought the wheezy Merrimack to a standstill. Hint: See pages 486–487.

Question All of the following were true of the Battle of Antietam EXCEPT • Lincoln, yielding to popular pressure, hastily restored “Little Mac” McClellan to active command of the main Northern army. • two Confederate soldiers found a copy of McClellan’s battle plans wrapped around a packet of three cigars dropped by a careless Union officer. • McClellan succeeded in halting Lee at Antietam. • the British and French governments were on the verge of diplomatic mediation, but were dissuaded when the Union displayed unexpected power at Antietam.

Answer All of the following were true of the Battle of Antietam EXCEPT • Lincoln, yielding to popular pressure, hastily restored “Little Mac” McClellan to active command of the main Northern army. • two Confederate soldiers found a copy of McClellan’s battle plans wrapped around a packet of three cigars dropped by a careless Union officer. • McClellan succeeded in halting Lee at Antietam. • the British and French governments were on the verge of diplomatic mediation, but were dissuaded when the Union displayed unexpected power at Antietam. Hint: See page 487.

Question All of the following were true of the Emancipation Proclamation EXCEPT • Antietam was just enough of a victory to justify Lincoln’s issuing the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862. • the Civil War became more of a moral crusade as the fate of slavery and the South it had sustained was sealed. • it declared “forever free” the slaves in those Confederate areas still in rebellion. • bondsmen in the loyal Border States were freed, as were those in specific conquered areas in the South.

Answer All of the following were true of the Emancipation Proclamation EXCEPT • Antietam was just enough of a victory to justify Lincoln’s issuing the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862. • the Civil War became more of a moral crusade as the fate of slavery and the South it had sustained was sealed. • it declared “forever free” the slaves in those Confederate areas still in rebellion. • bondsmen in the loyal Border States were freed, as were those in specific conquered areas in the South. (correct) Hint: See pages 487–488.

Question The Thirteenth Amendment was passed • in 1863, as constitutional support for the Emancipation Proclamation. • after Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1864. • in 1865, timed to coincide with Lee’s surrender at Appomatox. • in 1865, eight months after the Civil War had ended.

Answer The Thirteenth Amendment was passed • in 1863, as constitutional support for the Emancipation Proclamation. • after Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1864. • in 1865, timed to coincide with Lee’s surrender at Appomatox. • in 1865, eight months after the Civil War had ended. (correct) Hint: See page 489.

Question Copperheads were the nickname given in the North to • “War Democrats.” • “Peace Democrats.” • Democrats who openly obstructed the war. • Confederates.

Answer Copperheads were the nickname given in the North to • “War Democrats.” • “Peace Democrats.” • Democrats who openly obstructed the war. (correct) • Confederates. Hint: See page 499.

Question All of the following were true of the Battle of Gettysburg EXCEPT • quite by accident, Meade took his stand atop a low ridge flanking a shallow valley near quiet little Gettysburg. • the battle seesawed across the rolling green slopes for three agonizing days and the outcome was in doubt until the very end. • the failure of General George Pickett’s magnificent but futile charge finally broke the back of the Confederate attack. • Pickett’s charge has been called the “low tide of the Confederacy,” as it proved that the Confederates had never really had a chance to win the war.

Answer All of the following were true of the Battle of Gettysburg EXCEPT • quite by accident, Meade took his stand atop a low ridge flanking a shallow valley near quiet little Gettysburg. • the battle seesawed across the rolling green slopes for three agonizing days and the outcome was in doubt until the very end. • the failure of General George Pickett’s magnificent but futile charge finally broke the back of the Confederate attack. • Pickett’s charge has been called the “low tide of the Confederacy,” as it proved that the Confederates had never really had a chance to win the war. (correct) Hint: See page 492.

Question All of the following were true of the Gettysburg Address EXCEPT • it attracted considerable attention at the time. • Lincoln’s remarks were branded by the London Times as “ludicrous” and by Democratic editors as “dishwatery” and “silly.” • it has long been recognized as a masterpiece of political oratory and as a foundational document of the American political system. • it was as weighty a statement of the national purpose as the Declaration of Independence.

Answer All of the following were true of the Gettysburg Address EXCEPT • it attracted considerable attention at the time. (correct) • Lincoln’s remarks were branded by the London Times as “ludicrous” and by Democratic editors as “dishwatery” and “silly.” • it has long been recognized as a masterpiece of political oratory and as a foundational document of the American political system. • it was as weighty a statement of the national purpose as the Declaration of Independence. Hint: See pages 493–494.

Question All of the following were true of Sherman’s March EXCEPT • Sherman was a pioneer practitioner of “total war.” • one of the major purposes was to destroy supplies destined for the Confederate army and to weaken the morale of the men at the front by waging war on their home. • because Sherman’s methods were brutal, he probably lengthened the struggle and hence cost lives. • the discipline of Sherman’s army at times broke down, as roving riffraff (Sherman’s “bummers”) engaged in an orgy of pillaging.

Answer All of the following were true of Sherman’s March EXCEPT • Sherman was a pioneer practitioner of “total war.” • one of the major purposes was to destroy supplies destined for the Confederate army and to weaken the morale of the men at the front by waging war on their home. • because Sherman’s methods were brutal, he probably lengthened the struggle and hence cost lives. (correct) • the discipline of Sherman’s army at times broke down, as roving riffraff (Sherman’s “bummers”) engaged in an orgy of pillaging. Hint: See pages 497–498.

The Furnace of Civil War, 1861–1865