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Immigration and Slavery:

Immigration and Slavery:. Chapter 3 Section 1:. I. Migration:. 1) The English:. During the 1600s about 90% of the migrants to the English colonies came from England. Half were indentured servants

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Immigration and Slavery:

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  1. Immigration and Slavery: Chapter 3 Section 1:

  2. I. Migration:

  3. 1) The English: • During the 1600s about 90% of the migrants to the English colonies came from England. • Half were indentured servants • People who agreed to work for four to seven years in exchange for their passage to the colonies • At the end of their time they were supposed to get food, clothes, tools, sometimes land.

  4. 1) The English: • After 1660 the conditions in England improved. • Economy improved • Political and religious toleration • English stay in England • An example of Push-Pull Factors

  5. 17th-18th Century Puritan Family:

  6. 2) The Scots: • Generally poorer than the English • 1707: Great Britain was formed by England, Wales and Scotland • Easier to immigrate • Many were colonial officials or governors • Scottish merchants grew wealthy trading tobacco in the Chesapeake Bay

  7. 3) The Scotch-Irish: • From the province of Ulster in Northern Ireland • Nearly 250,000 in the 1700s • The largest group of the 1700s • Looking for land to farm • Moved to the “back-country” • Mountainous • From PA to the Carolinas

  8. Back Country

  9. 4) The Germans: • 100,000 in the 1700s • The second largest group • Mostly Protestant • From southwest Germany and northern Switzerland • Push-Factors: • Wars, high taxes, religious persecution, and not enough farmland

  10. 4) The Germans: • 1682: William Penn invited some Germans to settle in PA • They wrote letters home to Germany: • Wages were high • Land and food cheap • An immigrant could get a farm six times larger than a peasant could in Germany • PA had very low taxes and young men weren’t required to be soldiers.

  11. 5) Immigration Equals Diversity: • Brings changes to the colonies • In PA Quakers soon became the minority • No one group was large enough to impose its beliefs on others • Colonists began to accept that a diverse colony would help the economy and allow them to worship freely.

  12. Quiz Time! • Why did Scots emigrate from their homelands to the American colonies? • Why did Germans emigrate from their homelands to American colonies?

  13. II. Slavery:

  14. 1) Beginnings: • In the early 1600s plantation owners needed workers • Indentured Servants from England • 1660s the demand for labor began to grow, and colonists began to use African slaves • 1660s English immigration began to decline • At first, African workers were just like indentured servants • In the mid 1600s most colonies began to pass laws for the permanent enslavement of Africans • Children of enslaved African Americans were also slaves

  15. 1705: Virginia’s General Assembly • “All servants imported…who were not Christians in their Native Country…shall be accounted and be slaves.”

  16. 2) Transatlantic Slave Trade: • During the 1700s the British colonies imported 250,000 African slaves to the colonies • European traders paid high prices for slaves from the coastal kingdoms of West Africa. A) The Triangular Trade: • Was a three part journey • Slave owners went from Europe to Africa and traded manufactured goods for slaves

  17. Triangular Trade:

  18. Triangular Trade:

  19. Captured and Sold:

  20. 2) Transatlantic Slave Trade: B) The Middle Passage: • Shippers carried the enslaved Africans from Africa to the American colonies • Two or more month long journey • Slaves were jammed into the holds of ships • Hot and stuffy • Diseases • 10% of the slaves died on this trip

  21. The Middle Passage:

  22. Free time on deck:

  23. 3) Africans in the Americas: • At slave auctions families could be broken up and sold • Slaves had to work in unfamiliar places next to strangers who didn’t speak their language A) New England and the Middle Colonies: • Small minority • Worked as farmhands, dockworkers, sailors, and house servants.

  24. In America:

  25. 3) Africans in the Americas: B) The Southern Colonies: • Most slaves lived here • In South Carolina slaves outnumbered the white people. • Did labor-intensive jobs on large plantations • To maximize profits slave owners worked them 12 hours a day, 6 days a week • Saved money by not providing adequate clothing, food or housing.

  26. Overseers:

  27. 4) Creating a New Culture: • Developed a rich culture based on a mix of their old customs and beliefs • Most adopted the Christian beliefs of their bosses and mixed it with African religious traditions • Made banjos, rattles, and drums to create music with rhythm and percussion.

  28. Created Dance and Music:

  29. 5) Rebels and Runaways: • Slaves longed to be free • 1739: Slave revolt in Stono, South Carolina • 100 slaves killed 20 white people • The slaves were defeated and executed • Mostly slaves ran away • Maroons: Hid in swamps or forests • Went to Spanish Florida, where they could be free • Tried to hide in some small free black communities in the North

  30. Maroons:

  31. “Capturing” Slaves

  32. Underground Railroad:

  33. 6) Freedom: • Some slaves were able to save up money to buy their freedom • Some were given their freedom • Lived in cities, but still faced discrimination • Overcame enormous difficulties to achieve great things.

  34. Homework! • Finish Colony Project • Chapter 3 Section 1: #1 – Just the definition, #2, 4, 5, 6

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