Syntax Sentence Patterns Arthur Amick and Maria Nguyen

1. P eriodic Sentence P arallel Structure Syntax Sentence Patterns Arthur Amick and Maria Nguyen

2. What is a Periodic Sentence? • “A long and frequently involved sentencein which the sense is not completed until the final word.” • “A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end.” • In other words, a sentence that doesn’t make sense until the end. • Also known as a suspended sentence. • The opposite of a loose sentence. • Used for Suspense.

3. For Example! Despite heavy winds and nearly impenetrable ground fog, the plane landed safely.

4. What is Parallel Structure? • “Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.” • “Parallelism in sentences refers to matching grammatical structures.” • This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. • The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or.“ • Look for patterns or repetition.

5. For Instance: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. Mary likes tohike, toswim, and toride a bicycle.

6. Which is Which? • "The proper place in the sentence for the word or group of words that the writer desires to make most prominent is usually the end."(William Strunk, Jr., and E.B. White, The Elements of Style) • I sighed as a lover, I obeyed as a son. — Edward Gibbon • Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. — Joseph Addison • And though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing." (The King James Bible, I Corinthians 13) • Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. — John F. Kennedy Periodic Sentence Parallel Structure Parallel Structure Periodic Sentence Parallel Structure

7. "The proper place in the sentence for the word or group of words that the writer desires to make most prominent is usually the end."(William Strunk, Jr., and E.B. White, The Elements of Style) • I sighedas a lover, I obeyedas ason. — Edward Gibbon • Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. — Joseph Addison • And though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing." (The King James Bible, I Corinthians 13) • Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. — John F. Kennedy

8. Excerpt from Frankenstein He easily eluded me and said, “Be calm! I entreat you to hear me before you give vent to your hatred on my devoted head. Have I not suffered enough, that you seek to increase my misery? Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it. Remember, thou hast made me more powerful than thyself; my height is superior is to thine, my joints more supple. But I will not be tempted to set myself in opposition to thee. Ii am thy creature, and I will be even mild and docile to my natural lord and king if thou wilt also perform thy part, the which thou owest me. Oh, Frankenstein, be not equitable to every other and trample upon me alone, to whom thy justice, and even they clemency , is most due. Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed. Everywhere I see bliss. From which I alone am irrevocably excluded. I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy, and I shall again be virtuous. He easily eluded me and said, “Be calm! I entreat you to hear me before you give vent to your hatred on my devoted head. Have I not suffered enough, that you seek to increase my misery? Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it. Remember, thou hast made me more powerful than thyself; my height is superior is to thine, my joints more supple. But I will not be tempted to set myself in opposition to thee. Ii am thy creature, and I will be even mild and docile to my natural lord and king if thou wilt also perform thy part, the which thou owest me. Oh, Frankenstein, be not equitable to every other and trample upon me alone, to whom thy justice, and even they clemency , is most due. Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed. Everywhere I see bliss. From which I alone am irrevocably excluded. I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy, and I shall again be virtuous. Periodic Sentences Parallel Structure

9. Excerpt from Paradise Lost Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? The infernal Serpent; it was whose guile, stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived the mother of mankind what time his pride had cast him out from Heaven with all his host of rebel angels, by whose aid, aspiring to set himself in glory above his peers, he trusted to have equaled the Most High, if he opposed, and with ambitious aim against the throne and monarchy of God, raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud with vain attempt. Him the Almighty power hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky, with hideous ruinand combustion down to bottomless perdition, there to dwell in adamantine chains andpenal fire, who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms. Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? The infernal Serpent; it was whose guile, stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived the mother of mankind what time his pride had cast him out from Heaven with all his host of rebel angels, by whose aid, aspiring to set himself in glory above his peers, he trusted to have equaled the Most High, if he opposed, and with ambitious aim against the throne and monarchy of God, raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud with vain attempt. Him the Almighty power hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky, with hideous ruin and combustion down to bottomless perdition, there to dwell in adamantine chains and penal fire, who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms. Periodic Sentences Parallel Structure

10. Read the Passage Carefully Then write a well-organized essay in which you analyze how elements such as tone, periodic sentence, and parallel structure contribute to the passage as a whole.